Total

university year.

of high school.

‘
x

Over $15,000
Over $8,000
Over $6.000
Under $6,000
Under $5,000
Under $4,000

University of
British Columbia

University of
Victoria, B.C.

University of .
Manitoba

McGill, Que

University of
New Brunswick

University of
Dalhousie, N.S.

Acadia, N.S.

grant.
Figures:

Tuition fees (average)
Living expenses
Earnings foregone®

Simon Frazer, B.C.

TABLE |

ESTIMATES OF TOTAL REAL COST OF UNIVERSITY EDUCATION
TO STUDENTS (APRIL, 1965)

per annum

$ 500
$1,000
$2,000
$3,500

for four-year degree

$2,000

$4,000

$8,000
$1 4,000°°

*—Estimated on the basis of the average income of young Canadians
outside the university, but of equivalent age, during the course of the

**—Total cost does not include equivalent figures for the upper years

Figures: Canadian Union of Students

TABLE 2

CLASSIFICATION OF STUDENTS
BY PARENTS’ INCOME (1961-62)

Percentage ef
arts students

11.6
36.5
54.4
45.6
31.5
- 10.5

Figures: Dominion Bureau of Statistics.
Student Administrative Committee, University of Toronto.

TABLE 3

fees 19.

{full time students)

$351 - 616
$372 (two semesters)

$372

$300 - 500
$415 - 710

$495 - 600

$425 - 625
$500

Percentage of all

Canadian taxpayers

1.2
5.3
12.4
87.6
78.2
36.5

UNIVERSITIES WHERE ACROSS-THE-BOARD FEE INCREASES
HAVE TAKEN PLACE IN 1965

Undergraduate
W65

Average under-

graduate increase

1965-66

$60
$56

$56

$75
$100

$75

$50
$50

In addition to the above, 12 other institutions of higher education
suffered fee increases. University of Alberta increases only affected
graduate and summer students.

Provincial Grant
per student

$1,055
$705
n/a
$1,790
$666*
$923
$641
n/a
n/a
n/a

TABLE 4
UNIVERSITY EDUCATION BY PROVINCES (1965)
Provinces by Students, per Federal grant
population thousand persons per student
Ontario 6.6 $323
Quebec 9.5 Tae
British Columbia 9.5 $205
Alberta 7.6 $269
Manitoba 9.1 $223
Saskatchewan 8.2 $243
Nova Scotia 10.1 $201
New Brunswick 8.3 $239
Newfoundland 4.5 $429
Prince Edward Island 6.8 $214

*—The iar for provincial and federal grants do not include grants
for capital construction except in the case of Manitoba's provincial

Dominion Bureau of Statistics and provincial departments of educotion.

‘Higher education shall be equally accessible to all on the basis of merit.’
Universal Declaration of Human Rights.

Problem on the campus

CANADIAN child from the

richest 1.2 percent of the

population has 33 times
more chance of going to univer-
sity than one from the 36.5 per-
cent at the bottom of the in-
come ladder. (See table 2.)

The reasons why the child
from the bottom of the econo-

‘mic heap will probably never

reach university are multifold.
From the very beginning, poor
housing conditions lessen a
child’s ability to study and tend
to drive him out of the home
into a world where he has to
fend for himself economically.
Parents who never had the op-
portunity to continue their edu-
cation themselves are also less
likely to encourage their chil-
dren to do so.

If the Jow income child does

have the inclination to go to uni- .

versity, he still has to face inu-
merable obstacles which his
richer classmates will avoid. He
will have to work harder be-
cause he has more need for a
scholarship and can less afford
to repeat a year either at uni-
versity or at high school. He
may also have to work at night.
He is less likely to get a well
paying summer job because he
lacks the necessary strings. He
will find it more difficult to ob-
tain a bank loan. He will have
to forego owning a.car and all
the other things which the ad-
vertising media tell him every
day are essential; and he will
probably have to overcome a
background in elementary and
public school which was acade-
mically inferior to that of stu-
dents who went to schools in
wealthy neighborhoods.

With all this with which to
contend, it is easy to see why
52 percent of 9,000 Ontario
Grade 13 students interviewed
for the Atkinson study of the
utilization of student resources
said they would have attended
university but for financial prob-
lems.

Yet the Atkinson study of

Ontario Grade 13 students dis-
covered that no matter what

SOARING COST
OF EDUCATION

_pod
October 8, 1965— PACIFIC 1RIBUNE

system .of determining intelli-
gence was used the top quarter
of students not going to univer-
sity registered a higher average
intelligence than: the average of
those at university.

‘The wastage is immediately
apparent. In spite of this, the

= By
DAVE DENT

federal government and some
provincial governments
contributed a smaller proportion
of the cost of university educa-
tion today than they did a few
years ago. In fact, the 1965 in-
crease in fees in New Brunswick
was just a fraction different
from the decrease in the federal
grant per student over the last
three years.

The federal grant works on
the basis of $2 per head of popu-
lation. This ignores the fact that
some provinces are far richer
than others, so that students at
the university of New ~Brun-
swick are compelled to pay 41

‘percent of the cost of their own

education, whereas students at
the University of Toronto pay
only 22 percent. The per capita
sum has in fact grown over the
last 15 years, but the increased
pressure of automation and
modern technology, and the in-
creased cost of modern educa-
tion have. grown even faster.

* The average cost of univer-
sity education is $500 a year,
and 20 universities have raised
their fees this year, often when
it was too late for students to
protest. Many of those with fee
raises are in Nova Scotia and
New Brunswick, where students
can least afford to pay (see table
3). Maritime universities are not
even trying to lower the cost to
the student, but merely to catch
up on back debts.

The much vaunted abolition

have

of first year fees at M@
University in Newfo
loses its significance whe
realized that Newfoundl
less university opportuni
capita than any other pf

As well as paying th
students must live, an
costs can:come to anywhe
tween $1,000 and $2,
more, excluding the in
such things as insurance
iums. To this the
Union of Students has
the income which 2 ”
would be able to make ©
labor market, giving @
vative total of $3,500 4
(See table 1.)

With its student loan pl
federal government recer
creased the availability °
cation in English Canad@
one year the governm Me
limited its own plan. r
ing that parents with taxi
comes of more the
dollars pay 13 percent cl
cost of educating theif
a proportion which reach
percent at taxable
$10,000.

Other scholarship and a
programs are, for the mos
woefully inadequate.
tion, scholarship progh
variably, and bursary P
frequently have the ef
subsidizing the wealthy 4,
in the early years whe? et :
dent from a poor family ;
ably academically han ndi
The pass mark at the Ui
of Manitoba is 50 perc
the bursaries 0 Pe
dents with less than
are minimal.

In the next few years Be
sure at university 84 ip
double and double abi
how to make even the
facilities available is ae
which has not been fa
world in which educatl® of
garded as a right, Ont@
to be congratulated for
ing its grant, not so 4°
education free, but % 4
it becoming more eXPE