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Magazine Section

By LANCE SAMSON

prscos the United States
Conducting an all-out econ-
Mic blockade of Britain and
‘ aining whole armies for in-
Yasion of the British Isles.

Imagine Washington, with
a: warships cruising men-
ae in the English Chan-
he finally breaking off all
Wiplomatic relations with Brit-
4in—but declaring that Amer-
{ca Was keeping Holy Loch
Submarine base, the Thor
nocket bases and the H-bomber
#88. in ‘this country all the
peme

Fantastic? Yet that is just
ps the Eisenhower adminis-
ie lon, in its dying gasps, is
rock to do with Cuba.
é OTHOLD IN CUBA

€ base in question: Guan-

ftenamo Bay, on Cuba’s east
i Cast, the finest natural har-

Orin’ the west
ern hemi-
“sphere, .

4
White House spokesman

Plsine Hagerty brazenly
ims that the U.S. had
“treaty rights” to keep the
ase whatever happens.
rite tington regards it as
tooth acy two reasons: as a
¥ ia in Cuba from which
Be we that island back un-
- he domination and up-
- € two-year-old Cuban
Be Aa and as a base dom-
nae Caribbean and
Pana € entry to the vital
ahve Ma Canal linking the At-
ntie oa Pacific oceans.
» just 60 years ago, the
then flexing their
S budding imperial-
hold of Guantanamo
€ first place is typical of
Seizure of subsequent

Rania: kees,
muscles ’ a
Asts, Zot
In th
e

hot
{Us

American bases all round the
globe.

How the people of Cuba re-
sisted it from the first is in-
structive for peoples from -Ice-
land to Okinawa, from Britain
to Zanzibar, wherever. they
are today saddled with Yan-
kee occupation of. parts. of
their country.

One needs to go back a bit
in history.

By 1825 all. that Rene onine
Spain had left of her vast con-
quests following Columbus’
discovery were her island col-
onies. of Cuba, . Puerto. Rico
and the Philippines.

FIGHT. AGAINST SPAIN

The next 75 years of- Cuban
history are a record of heroic
resistance to the Spanish yoke
and savage repression of re-
volt after revolt.

In 1895 another - independa-
ence rebellion began, led by
poet Jose .Maria. Marti. and
General Maximo Gomez. .De-
spite all Spanisn brutalities,
by 1898 Spain was on the
verge of defeat.

It was this moment that the
young expansionist American
imperialists chose to start a

war against Spain to grab her
remaining colonial _posses-
sions.

The mysterious ‘sinking of
the U.S. battleship Maine in
Havana harbor by parties still
unknown gave the Americans
the sought-for excuse to de-
clare war.

THE U.S. INVASION

So the U.S. invaded Cuba—
and. when Cuban General
Gomez got to Havana at the
head of his troops in 1899 the

of Tre shows Cuban worker-militiamen taking over control.
oe S.-owned Soledia sugar plant in Las Villas provinee.

Stars and Stripes was. flying

+ “treaty”?

iow — Yanks Stole
Guantanamo >

there instead of the Spanish):

flag.

For appearances
U.S. declared-it did- not want
Cuba—or Puerto Rico or the
Philippines — and. that they

as. soon.as the war agai
Spain was won.

But that was just for show:

right 'U.S. colonies.

the “right”. to

and obliging Cuba to
naval or coaling
the U.S.

Senator Morgan, an Amer.

patriots,
Amendment as “an act of des
Indian tribe at home.”

American troops, : the
proposed constitution ‘amend.

tion:

“COALING” BASE

onstation” against
“eoaling’ station”

island:

pation’ ‘army,’ ‘heard

ereignty,-
least three changes.

Washington:
cannot change it.”

pendence. ‘war, this

‘Two. years later, in 1903,

{the U.S. took up the “coaling) _
| station” clause, and forced the| hump-back. salmon have -been
Cuban” government to sign a brought in. recently by. fisher-
about 33)
square miles round Guantana-
mo-Bay to:the U.S. for a rent
of $3,386 per year — a mere

“leasing

ay cents per acre:

‘so strong that President F. D.

Roosevelt, who was busy pro-

sake the}:

In fact, the Philippines, Puer-}. 3
to Rico ‘and Guam became out-| %

ican supporter of the Cuban
deseribed the Platt

potism, such as we have never
| dared to impose on any Red

In Cuba; still occupied. by
US.-

ment: set’ off massive opposi-

A ‘great 30/000-strong dem-
it and the
marched
through ‘the streets of Havana.
‘Similar’ denionstrations took/'Shall be used only as a coal-
‘place ‘in towns” all over the)

The Cuban constituent as-})
.sembly; though told brutally
by the Americans: ‘Accept or
‘we won't -withdraw our. occu-
impas-
sioned -complaints ~~ that this
amendment ‘was an infringe-
ment of Cuba’s promised. sov-
‘and demanded at

Back came the answer from
“The -president

Faced with this ultimatum,
| the constituent assembly, rath- from the Soviet Union that the
er than begin. another inde-
time
1| against the U.S.,; accepted. the
amendment under. duress.

would-be given independence). -

And ‘Washington forced -on| “<<
Cuba the: notorious Platt’ Am-
endment to: the new Cuban
constitution, ‘giving the U.S.
intervene in
Cuba — as it did in 1906 —
“Tease”
Stations ~ to

moting his
policy, felt something had to
-|be done about relations with
Cuba.

BROKEN TREATY

So for the Platt Amendment
to the Cuban constitution. was
substituted a . “friendship”
treaty between: the two coun-
tries — which, however, fully
maintained the U.S. base.

A force of U.S. warships
was anchored in Havana har-
bor until the then. Cuban: gov-
ernment had signed and -seal-
ed the new treaty.

The 1903- Guantanamo Bay
treaty specifies clearly that “it

ing station or naval. base and
for no other purpose.”

So the Americans have bro-
ken the treaty. many. times
over. They have spent $76
million on building up the
base, making two_ airfields,
vand- have made it an army
base as well, with a force of

“Good Neighbor’

Se

Photo shows Raul Castro (upper right), Cuban minister
of armed forces, interrogating captured counter-revolu-
tionaries who had been armed with U.S. equipment.

marines stationed: there.

Now, having broken every
rule in the book, the U.S.
claims it still has the “right”
to keep “its” base.

RENT RETURNED

But things have changed.
Since- the -Cuban revolution,
Premier Fidel Castre has con-
temptuously sent back to
Washington the annual $3,386
rent.

And the Cuban gevernment
has made it clear that, though
it has no intention. of doing it
by force, it aims to reinstate
“the inalienable right of the
Cuban people to the exercise
of . full jurisdiction and: sov-
ereignty over the Guantaname
base.”

The true story. of Guantana-
mo shows that the people of
Cuba have every right to de
so—just as the people of Brit-
ain -will one .day ejeet the
American bases, spawning
over here now.

EW possibilities for Cana-
IN da’s west-coast fishing in-
dustry can*be seen in reports

‘successful acclimatization of
the Pacific salmon to the Arc-
tic ocean has’ now been con-
firmed beyond all doubt.

Big catches of full-grown

men in the Barents and White
seas and - the fish .have:. also
been caught off the Norweg-
jan coast.

the Soviet: Union: in 1956.

: The transplanting of this:
By. the ‘mid-30s feeling Far Eastern: salmon: from. the
; throughout” Latin America, was Pacific to. the Arcti¢e began in

SOVIET SCIENTISTS TRANSPLANT
PACIFIC SALMON INTO ARCTIC

The experiment was earried
out on an unprecedented seaie.

In. the four. years: roughtly
60,000,000. salmon roe eérns,
mainly humpback, have been
flown from Sakhalin to the
fisheries on the Kola peninsu-
la.

The resulting. fry was fed in
fish nurseries for three to four
months ‘and then let out into
the _rivers which empty into
the Barents and Whité seas.

Hitherto the Pacifie salmon
has beén successfully accliiza-
tized outside its usual habitat
only in New. Zealand § and
Chile — both of which, of
course, are in its native Pacif-
ic basin.

February 3, 1961—PACIFIC TRIBUNE—Page 5

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