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AFTER SPUTNIK

Noah's Ark inte

FRIDAY, OCTOBER 18, 1957

Continued from page 1

INTERPLANETARY

“The time is drawing near
when we shall be able to see
on our television screen the
start of interplanetary travel.”

How soon will Soviet scient-
ists get a _ satellite to the
moon? In anything from five
to ten years.

It appears that they are
working on the basis of the

so-called LVM project put.

forward recently by a young

Soviet scientist, Y. S. Khleb- .

tsevich, involving three separ-
ate stages. :

- In the first stage, five link-
ed rockets will be sent up

with a starting weight of 50
‘tons, which will drop on vari-

ous parts of the visible, disc
of the moon, and will also
explore conditions on that part
of the moon invisible from
the earth.

On the basis of the data ob-
tained in this first stage, a
similar number of rockets

_ will be launched in a second

stage, landing on the moon
and delivering a mobile
laboratory shaped like a small
tank. ;

This will be equipped with
every possible radio and other

- device on the conditions as it

crawls over the moon’s sur-
face.

The successful accomplish-
ment of this task will pro-
vide sufficient data for the
third stage, the organizing of
a continuously operating sci-
entific station on the moon
manned by. human beings with
station personnel being re-
placed periodicallly on sched-
uled space flights.

Khlebtsevich considers that
under the LVM project al
expedition to the moon could
be undertaken in 1960-65, and
expeditions to Venus ‘| and
Mars between 1962 and 1967.

This is the picture of the
future—the very near future.

All over the Soviet Union
there is tremendous enthusi-
asm at the Soviet success.

Sixty-six optical observa-
tion centres and scores of
special radio stations as well
as thousands of amateur radio
fans are carrying out a round-
the-clock, second by second,
plotting of the path of the

> satellite as it circles-the earth

16 times during every 24-hour
period,

Soviet scientists have so far
not committed themselves on
how long the satellite is likely
to remain in its orbit.

The two radio transmitters
on the satellite are powered
by ordinary chemical batter-

ies,, which are said to have a~

life of several weeks.

Soviet scientists have said
that the satellité’s most re-
markable feature is its great
weight — about 184 pounds —
compared with the small dia-
meter Of only 23 inches. This
indicates that the sphere
must be packed with consid-
erable quantities of midget
equipment of all kinds.

To those in the West who
claim that this Soviet develop-
ment has only been made pos-
sible by the capture of some
mythical German scientists, it
should be pointed out that the

_ theory of space satellites was

worked out long before the
war by a Russian scientist,
Konstantin Tsiolkovsky, the
centenary of whose birth was
celebrated last month.

In 1903 he published in St. °

Petersburg his classical study
setting out the fundamental
theory of jet-propulsion.

“ In 1929 Tsiolkovsky pub-
lished a work entitled “Cos-
mic Rocket Trains.”

The inter-continental: ballis-
tic missile built by Soviet
scientists and the first satel-
lite both embody Tsiolkovsky’s
“rocket train” idea.

Fishermen
end strike

Strike of salmon net fisher-
men ended Tuesday this week
following a vote in which a
‘majority of the membership
voted to accept the Fisheries
Association’s new price offer.

New prices are: Johnstone
Strait.Fraser River including
Cape Flattery, 12 cents a
pound; West Coast of Van-
couver Island, 10 cents; Queen
Charlotte Islands and North of
Cape Caution, 8 cents.

A satellite with animals on board will
to flights into space by human beings.

space next ste

soon be launched in the Soviet Union as a Pr

@

cow
MOS i

: Close study will be made of the animals’ behavior and physiological processes dusité
their voyage, along the lines of previous experiments with animals in rockets. —

These latest disclosures on
Soviet satellite technique were
made here by the Communist
party newspaper Pravda,
which gave the story so far
in great detail.

How soon the stage of ani-
mal experiments will be
reached is' not revealed, but it
may .be confidently predicted
that it is not very far off,

Pravda says that scientific
research with aid of satellites
will revolutionize work on
many problems of physics,
geophysics and astrophysics.

The first satellite is disclos-
ed as a 23-inch diameter
sphere made of aluminum al-
loys with a specially treated
polished surface, with nitro-
gen gas in the “air spaces” in-
side. :

To the outer surface of the
sphere are atached four aerial
rods seven to nine feet long.

At the moment of launch-
ing they were pressed close to.
the body of the rocket but af-
ter release from the rocket-
carrier the aerials turned out
on their hinges to assume the.
extended position.

As the moving satellite is
subject to large variations of
temperature, it was a compli-
cated business to ensure con-
tinuous normal temperature
inside. Two methods were
used.

First the surface was spec-
ially prepared to reduce heat
transference. Then the inter.
nal temperature was equaliz-
ed by forcing nitrogen gas in-
side to circulate throughout
the sphere.

Shortly after take-off the

rocket gradually began to
curve away from its initial
vertical course and just be-.
fore it got on to the satellite’s
orbit the carrier rocket was
moving parallel to the earth
at’a speed of five miles a sec-
ond. :
When the rocket engines
burnt out the protective cone
dropped off, the satellite sep-
arated from the rocket and
Started on its independent
course round the earth.,

Though the satellite’s orbit
is at present an ellipse it will
become circular in time as air
-resistance slows it down.

The most important obser-

4

vations so far have been of
radio signals put out by the
satellite’s two transmitters on
the 15 and 7.5 metre bands.

Pravda discloses that the
transmitters change their sig-
nals to record temperature and
other changes.

Signals so far received are
being deciphered and analyz-
ed.

Signals will cease when the
batteries wear, out or before
if an unlucky collision with
a meteori‘e puts one set or
both out of order.

After that, however, the sat-
elite will continue to be track-
ed optically and by radar.

The instruments on the sat-
elliate will help in the study
of variations in the full cos,
mic ray flow, a research till
now complicated by the thick
atmospheric mass over appar-
atus on the earth.

The satellite’s great altitude
will also enable a better study

» to be made of short-wave so-

lar radiation; to facilitate in-
vestigation of the ultra-violet
X-ray sectors of the solar

Continued

JOBLESS is

300 of them attended a meet-
ing called by the union to dis-
cuss a plan of action. We’re
all in this together.

“In B.C. we have establish-
ed a good, high standard of
living and’ we won’t be satis-
fied with less. If the people
in power can’t run the system
properly we'll vote them out
and put in people who can.”

William Black, president of
the B.C. Federation of Labor

charged big business with en-

couraging immigration “to
hold the labor movement
down. They are afraid the
price of labor will rise,
so they pour
workers into the country with-
out consideration of whether
they can be absorbed.”

John Hines (Painters) said
Building Trades Council was

already planning action on
unemployment, and suggested —

the maximum cooperation of

all labor to prevent another
‘depression. - *

Bill Stewart (Marine Work-

October 18, 1957 —PACIFIC TRIBUNE—PAG

immigrant

spectrum and to elucidate
variation of radiation im" |
sity. he
_ Pravda says constructio?
the first satellite called %
sollution of a whole se |
highly involved scientific: “
engineering’ problems.
Powerful engines ¢4P# at
of working under diffi”
thermic , conditions wee
vised and a carrier si, ah
a highly improved desig”

or
to be specially created fo
this purpose. . “
0

To conform to the JaW ne
rocket motion and bring 8
satellite safely to its Gee
highly acctirate system ©"
tomatic control had to be ®
veloped. :

Credit for the constructi®l
of the artificial earth peo
lite at such short notice, * t
Pravda, “goes to our © oh
try’s high scientific and 7
nical potential and to the” d
ordinated and well org? tes
efforts of, research ine
designing offices and ™
trial establishments.”

ers congratulated the et
tive for introducing 2 ee :
tion on unemployment at
time, and said: a

“This As just? a start Tals
warning to civic, Prov" ¢
and federal governments eat
the labor movement }
going to sit back this time ‘=

“President Whalen said : p |
we had a Tory governmet ig |
Ottawa during the rot |
Thirties, and we've got ® © i,
government pow. Here 4
B.C. we have a Social a if
government or shot
say, Tories in disguise?

“Right now. Attorney-@r,,
eral Bonner is in Europ®
tensibly for the purpose? _
encouraging secongary ip it
tries to move to B.C. Al why
is his economic advisor? ,
W. C. Mainwaring of the”
Electric — the company W’ ..,
gave a con‘ract for trans?)
sion towers to Italy, what
work could have beet |
by Western Bridge her