These youthful cheerleaders came out Friday night to cheer for their team’ at the opening game of the Division S$ soccer Championship Tournament at Clarence Michiel Elementary. School. fo the back —- is row, left ta right, are Robin Killaly, Tracy Cullen and Lisa Cote and in the front row, left to right are Laura Flynn, Lellani Chin and Monica Souza. Photo by Oon Schaffer Canada’s cold proves a help in the Arctic BUCHAREST (CP) ~ Delegates from-70 countries‘ listened raptly Monday to'an™ account of how Canadians re planning to put a refrigerated pipeline on the Arctle seabed. President Charles Hetherington of Panarctic Oils Ltd. told the World Petroleum Congress that Canadians have demonstra- ted, with such techniques, the feasibility of sub- seanatural gas wells in the hostile Arctic,” ~ _ Hetherington explained that the novel approach of _..Chillinga. pipeline in an already-[rigid region was tried In an experiment to increase resistance to mov- ing ice. ““The method selected wae to fit the buried pipe with a refrigerated aacket which would extract heat from the surrounding soll te build an artificial layer of permafroat around the pipe,” he sald. By using an outer pipe and circulating a chilled mmethanolwater mixture between It and he inner pipe, a frozen zone thre metres In diameter was created around the underwater pipe. A refrigerating plant on shore kept thea methanol- water mixture at minus 32 celsius and substantially improved the survivability of the pipeline, he sald. Hetherington also ex- plained that in water depths of 20 metres or less ‘a high frequency of bottom scouring by Ice keels was anticipated’ but the soft seabed limita how deep the plpeline can be burled. “The Panarctic president alao described how ex- periments showed that teams of divera can rig cables under the ice over long distances so that pipe can be lald by being inserted under the ice and pulled across the seabed. To precisely measure horizontal ice movement that might cause trouble for drilling rigs, electronic devices were set up that measured movement bi communicating with pagel. batellites, The goal of all this effort, Hetherington said, is the planned $6.1-billlon Polar Gas pipeline, measured In 1078 diltars, that wuld bring 60 million cubic metres of gas south daily. He sald, however, that such a project is still some ime away. , , “Gas eres require ta a t @ projec areal the ee of 420 to 507 billion cuble metres,” he — sald. ‘Presently discovered Teservyes..are 360 cubic. ‘metres;- Continued ex: ploration will be necessary to develop the reserves necessary for support of the pipeline project.” In another speech on Arctic problems, 3B.E. Davies of SohioBP Alaska described how Prudhoe Bay oil was produced in northern Alaska despite 600 metres of permafrost, with virtually all: problems being. anticl- pated and being solved in theory before they occurred. While traditional methods are often off by 20 per cent, Desourcy sald, the use of sophisticated com- puters can cut the margin of error to 10 per cent. Desourcy, whose board recently freed substantial new volumes of Alberta gas for export by increasing their estimates of the province’s reserves, called for more precision in reserves estimates, Because experta geneally take a conservative ap- proach, he said, estimates usually prove to be on the low sida after the resource is ced. In another appeal for better estimates, this one on a world scale, Eeputy Minister E,M. Khalimov of the U.S.S.R. oil ministry suggested hat Soviet and U.S, authorities bhould agree on common terminology for oil and gas reserves, cate- gorizing them according to economic and technological difficulty of discovery and development. In other developmenta, an American geologist called for international efforts to develop new ail and gas wells, saying the world probably has as much un- discovered fuel in the ground as has been discovered so ar, as 4 es > ae ee Cts] Riverside Auto Wrecking | “There is great urgency to search forand find new oil reserves to establish enough lead time’ to develop other energy sources, said Michel Halbouty of Houston in a report to the conference. Halbouty,. a former president of the American Association of Petroleum Geologists, called on governments and politicians to agree on ‘‘proper regulatory frameworks which will enhance ex- ploration for ‘development and production of the needed petroleum reserves,” By the 1990s, half the world’s oll production will” coem from fields not yet found, he said. He cited potential of] reserves along the Norwegian coast and off southwest [reland. The largest undiscovered fields are thought to be in the Soviel Union and China, Hal- bouty said. Three years ago, undiscovered reserves in these countries were estimate at 350 billion barrels. compared with 77° billion barrels, compared with 77 billion barrels thought tohe as yet un- discovered in the United States. Earlier, American oil analysts said federal pollution regulations might force the U.S. oil industry to spendan extra §23 billion by 1985. The result, they said, would be a $4-a-barrel in- crease in the price of oil. The Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries now charges a top price of $23.50 (U.S,) abarrel. The problem involving oil supplies was highlighted by other international develop- ments. Nigeria sald it was consid- ering charging a $3-to-$5-a- barrel premium for its top grades of crude as of Oct. 1. J Used Cars & Trucks Ready for the road at Reduced Prices 732, INTERNATIONAL 75 VOLKSWAGEN 72 CHEV PICK-UP 72 FORD! 6? FORD F-250 Cs) ed Ci TON with STEEL FLATOECK 62 INTERNATIONAL § TON with FLATDECK PICK-UP 635-6837, 24 HOUR TOWING 4129 Substation Road. 4 a . American oi] companies confirmed they have been discussing the premiums with the stateowned Ni- gerian National Petroleum Corp. Top Nigerian crudes already sell at or close to the OPEC ceiling price of $23.50 a barrel, The premiums, while not officially breaking the OPEC limit, would have that effect and could provoke matching increases on Libyan and Algerian crude, which'are of similar quality. Oil companies, _par- ticularly American firms, _prefer these light, low- sulphur crudes because they are more easily refined into gasoline that meets en- vironmental standards. Canada is reported to be considering curtailing or ending its net exports of crude to the United States this winter, according lo reporis from Ottawa. Such a move, aimed at assuring supplies to its refineries in eastern provinces, would affect only a small part of lotal U.S, importa, Canada's pet exports to the United States total no more than 175,000, barrels a, day... — ey ae Joa " oot a ts pes eee BGG EU ee Pe a, . She roe Gs we % Time: Woon & 7 p.m. - Date: Sept. 12 Place: Terrace Hotel Skeena Room 1 & 2 All BCGEU members are urged to attend these ratification meetings ie order to receive full contract details & cast thelr ballot. GOVT LOSING CASES HALIFAX (CP) -— The federal government has lost a number of pollution cases because its expert scientific witnesses are unfamiliar with law, a federal prosecutor says. “If an expert witness falters and cannot sey that oll, for example, under the particular circumstances of the case, would be harmful to fish Hving in the water, then defence counsel will jump on it," Doug Richard af Halifax sald in an interview, To help overcome such problems, the legal and scientific profeasions will hold a threeday conference on Water and environmental law beginning later this week at Dalhousie Univeralty, sponsored by the universtity and the federal and Nova Scotia en- vironment departments, Richard Is one of two federal prosecutors In the Halifax office whe handle prosecutions under all federal laws, and pollution cases are only a small part of their work, It is the responsibility of policing agencies, not prosecutors, to gather evidence, he says. So, if the Environmental Protection Service wants stronger cases against polluters, itis up to it to get the supporting avidence, Richard says much of Can- ada’s environmental egislation is relatively new and there is still a lot of wound to be covered in interpreting the laws, A West, coast judge may accept that an oil spill is harmful to dish, while an east-coast judge may require extensive proof, Recent amendments to the federal act significantly in- creased penalties available to punish polluters, but sentences have not shot upward accordingly. While the maximum fine for a spill went to $50,000 from $5,000, and to $100,000 for subsequent offences, sentences have tended to be around a few thousan dollars. . Does this mean judges are not responding to Parliament's intent: in raising the penalties? Provincial court Judge ‘Robert J. McCleave says sentences should teach unintentional polluters their responsibilities, not punish them too harshly. “The major issues [ see in this kind of case is that the process which caused, the pollution is under the control of the company charged. The int in sentencing is to ring that home to the person or company. I don't think one should fire the book at pegple who appear to be well-intentioned about con- forming to the law.’ Prosecutor Richard says public sentiment about pollution may have some bearing on the kind af penaities handed down. “T believe the public is not incensed enough about what these companies are doing. There is pollution going on all the time, but people are CAN SEE RADIATION Ultraviolet radiation, invisible to the human eye, can be seen by Insects as various shades of color and patterns on flowers, says the National Geographic. ' wy ast not making much noise about it.” Barry Stuart, formerly of the Dalhousie law faculty, says he would like to see changes to existing pollution laws,, First, others besides the regulator should be allowed to ‘participate in deciding whether to prosecute. The Herald, Tuesday, September 11, 1979, Page 3 sees nobody but the regulatea, Stuart saya, It becomes like a business arrangement, The agency becomes sympathetic to the applicant's problems and there are often tradeoffs between economic development and the en- vironment. Lack of knowledge of law Too often the regulator _ Secondly, government should establish atandard procedures and guidelines, ‘so industry would know where it stands. Thirdly, he says criminal charges should be laid when- ever a spill occurs or whenever companies don't ‘comply. Se is a Ss) Ss = a Si. Wagon, 6 cyl. auto trans., only SOMkm. 1979 FORD FAIRMONT = 979 FORD FAIRMONT $6995 1977 DATSUE Meee eee ee 9A 8O5 dcyl. standard - | Y% TOM 4x4 1979 GMC 4 x Slerra Grande bucket seat, alr conditioner, roll bar, $7995 low mileage PTEUTURTITISETETIT TTA T TT errr Loaded with extras. Very clean $3595 A + + —_—S a: el —< _ _ = 1977 8°’6” WESTERN CAMPER Va auto trans., radio, etc. a nes = + ee a a ee ws ay amp, t 1978 CAMARO 8. oe Va auto, stereo, etc. Pe Made re ee vee $68 EPSP EP TENET UMUC TOTES PORE OE PEE OREO HEE EPG CHREERORESE TANTO ESSE ES 1978 T-BIRD TOWN LANDA | Y $9795 $6595 1878 FO FORD yan $12,995 PORTO TOC ET EEC eT ePeeUrererrerer erie rirrriss triticale) —< aS + CS Cie as ee oS > rT Security, fridge, furnace, etc. Ve auto irans. with flat deck, radio PYWTRITROCIVITTOR OTIC TITTIES TIRES CSET =] SS ed —o TuTene paint, VB auto, 8! box $8495 POOR sewed ee EO HEMET BeTes ELH SHASHEE SHEESH HAUSE STASFE DS ESHER ROTO aE 1977 COUGAR XR7 cece D090 V6, avto trans., PS & PB V8 auto trans., radio $6895 my a a 1979 20 FT. OKANAGAN Motorhome. Only 4,000 kilometres ersee, $20,995 as > = PRICED ae — Terrace Totem Ford Sales Ltd. 4631 Keith 635-4084 1 Cee eee er a = ~~ el -— ~« ee - —- ae? zr] = _ a a ee om: | ee i i