nN SOVIET physicist, Dr.
coal ‘Kozyrev, claims
a © has been able to
. ae that water exists on
hy Bebe form of ice and
‘he cla is had been achieved,
imed, both experiment-
a and as a result of direct
ervations of the planet.
>t Was Dr, Kozyrev who,
‘ eee 1958, discover-
F Moon anic activity on the

D
". Kozyrey stated that he

has com

| ‘Scores Pleted an analysis of

na oe spectrograms of
at the al he had obtained

ae en Astrophysical
50 re Ory by means of a

teflector telescope in
F the 1956 and 1961, when
ni blanet was closest to

fre Studies were under-
Pt, © °Stablish the physi-

Pdr
f Sino, of the Martian

y

WF conclusion,” he said,

SS
SPHYSOP

~ THYLE! WY TAYLE Wl

ITALIAN ASTRONOMER SCHIAPARELLI’S CHART
OF THE PLANET MARS

“is that the dispersion of
light in the atmosphere of
Mars is caused by particles,

the quantity. of which sharp-

ly increases near the poles of
the planet; that is to say, in

conditions of low tempera-
tures.

“It- seems that a mantle
hiding the surface of the
planet continually hangs over
the poles.”

“Tt is natural to suppose .

that these particles are snow
or tiny crystals of ice in the
atmosphere. This assumption
has been checked by direct
studies of snow and ice on
the Earth.

“Analysis of the spectro-
grams of Mars has shown
that the particles which cause
dispersion in the  planet’s
atmosphere have a very
characteristic feature: They
disperse light most effective-
ly in a comparatively narrow
green section of the spectrum.
Ice crystals on Earth have
the same property.

“Comparison of these data
with the results of the
analysis of spectrograms,”
Dr. Kozyrev said, ‘‘argues in

favor of the existence of.

water on Mars in the form
of snow and ice.”
Going into more detail on

scientist sae water on Mars

his studies, Dr. Kozyrev said
that the red color of Mars
which distinguished it from
other planets was usually ex-
plained on the assumption
that the surface of Mars was
a desert covered with red
sand. However, analysis of
spectrograms of separate
parts of that planet, includ-
ing the polar caps, had shown
that the red color was due
to the atmosphere of Mars.

He explained that whereas
the Earth’s atmosphere re-
flected blue rays particularly
well, and therefore to an
observer in outer space the
Earth appeared to be blue,
the atmosphere of Mars,
which intensively absorbed
blue rays, made that planet
appear red.

“Therefore,” he concluded,
“it is not the actual color of
the planet itself which is the
decisive thing. Any surface
beneath the Martian atmo-
sphere would appear to be
bright red to an observer on
the Earth.”

Ecos" wins for U.S.

tha reported recently
hoo Pete . Seeger, well-

: Was American folklorist,
d eb

nlempt of ‘congress con-
* he federal appeals
ich heard the case,
‘4 Tescinded his one-
st # sentence, but threw
On ot of court.
Same day that the

triumph
€d it was also an-
that the USS.
© Court had cleared
timer " Persons of the same
thsou. t — that of refusing to
| With heir Political beliefs
f Beggin © wWitch-hunting con-
es Committee.

| er aa be difficult to
: ot this ate the Be alopment: tor what

F Be of? -
| Wag of Seeger’s
: \ Teleag

in appealing '

is involved here is obviously
more than Seeger’s protract-
ed battle with the un-Ameri-
can Activities Committee
(staunch fighter though he is);
a larger issue is at stake, and
has been ever since the cold
war burst upon the world in
all its venom. :

The issue, of course, 1S
whether any citizen of a sup-
posedly free country has the
right to sing what songs he
pleases and for whom he
pleases; whether the right of
free speech is to be available
only to those who agree with
the powers-that-be; whether
any individual or group of
individuals dares to break the
web of conformity.

From the time when See-
ger first ran afoul of the
committee (seven long years
ago) until his successful ap-
peal, the fight .had cost him
thousands upon thousands of

PETE SEEGER

dollars. He proudly admitted
recently in Vancouver that
many of the prominent names
in the entertainment field in
the U.S. had helped him .. .
as well as people all around
the world.

What is significant in all
this, is that after 16 years of

democracy

book-burning, after 16 years
of frenzied propaganda that
every person on earth must
fit into the category of being
either a bomb-carrying Red
or a rabid anti-Communist
“freedom fighter’, after vic-
ious years of deportations
and McCarran Act-type legis-
lation, the forces of common
decency and democracy are
still very much alive in the
U.S.A.

This is quite an achieve-
ment when one considers that
most of the high school stud-
ents of today were born at
the same time as the cold
war, that a good portion of

»the young people who are

graduating from U.S. univer-
sities today hadn’t even start-
ed going to school when
Churchill fired the opening
salvo at Fulton, Missouri, and
that, despite this, most of
Seeger’s support came from

the youth of America.

It serves to show that the
policies of Joe McCarthy and
John Foster Dulles (which
are being continued by the
Kennedys) are just as bank-
rupt on the cultural front as
elsewhere.

While the battle is far from
over, these little bits and
pieces of a small victory here
and there are beginning to
form a pattern which augurs
well for the future.

For surely it is a most en-
couraging sign that after all
the long years of having
hatred preached at them
around the clock, there still
remains a decent element of
honest folk in the U.S. who
are prepared to fight the
blacklist and the power of
The Establishment.

And the indications are
that these forces are growing.

—J. SHACK

®nuin
Ge - Sardinian  shep-

‘ate st f are the stars of
€ature film presen-

Nounced for the Van-

nternational Film
: sae 11th to 24th.
i €ctor, Vittorio de
Is first feature

lenge

h fj
Alo ae “Bandits of Orgo-
Wy 00k

@ small crew into
of Sardinia for a
whe ° Bae this gripping
Ses, tur rm young shepherd
“lal in S bandit because of
ety 9 liy Ustice and his strug-
Ve off a barren land.

me

The film won the y. First
Film Award in Venice, 1961,
and is distributed by Prem-
ieré Films, Inc., New York.

From the Ministry of Edu-
cation in Holland, comes a
documentary feature which
won the most distinguished
documentary award at the
Berlin Film Festival in 1960.
“Faja Lobbi” (“Fiery Love’’)
is director Herman van der
Horst’s compelling film poem
in praise of Surinam, Dutch
Guiana. The camera probes
tenderly into the work, play,
love and worship of the na-
tives who live amidst colorful
jungle surroundings.

And from France comes
“Jules and Jim” (Courtesy:
Art Films, Montreal). Oskar
Werner and Henrie Serre —
two men in love with a
charming gamin (Jeanne Mor-
eau) — star in “a gay, gro-
tesque little movie .. . one
of the most exciting and like-
able films so far produced by
the new French school of
cinema.” (Time).

As previously announced,
“Viridiana” is a film whose
political implications are
only partly responsible for its
wide impact. Luis Bunuel’s
allegorical treatment opens
people’s eyes to the evils of

Wide variety offered in V.LF. films

sentimental piety and morbid
tyranny, exposing a crumb-
ling rot which lurks beneath
a certain segment of Spanish
society. Rabble and rape, a
would-be nun and a lecher-
ous uncle are some of the
ingredients which are skill-
fully mixed to make this
award-winning Spanish ome-
lette. Kingsley International
Films, New York, are the
distributors.

Dates have been announc-
ed for some of the feature
film presentations at the
Vogue Theatre during the
fifth Vancouver International
Film Festival. Some features

will be shown at 6.00 p.m. to
enable patrons to take advan-
tage of the reduction on film
coupons, and also to satisfy
the demands of this audience
to see features.

“Jules and Jim” will play
at 8.45 p.m. Thursday, July
12th, “Faja Lobbi” (‘Fiery
Love’) at 6.00 p.m. on Tues-
day, July 17th. Italy’s “Ban-
dits of Orgosolo” is scheduled
for 6.00 p.m. Thursday, July
19th, with “Viridiana” play-
ing the same day at 8.45 p.m:
“La Proie Pour L’Ombre”

(Prey for a Shadow’’) will |

occupy the 6.00 p.m. spot on
Monday, July-23rd.

WORTH
READING

re » begs
ty. in ‘I Status of Foreign-

th
“usta, L, USSR. by M.
Fo “ten : 30c,
by or a wide circle

lnggeetS ’ this booklet tells
be, ng
the a thei fae the history of
€r’s legal status in
= ae legislation and
al treaties, the for-
bit ni “Mding in civil law,
t in court and in ar-

Actress Ann Casson hails Helsinki Festival

n a message from Stratford,
| Ont., Ann Casson has said
that the eighth World Youth
Festival in Helsinki, Finland.
this summer will show that
“the youth of the world share
a common experience”.

The well-known theatrical
personality, wife of Douglas
Campbell who is currently
appearing on Broadway,
added:

“The things that bind us to
other people of the same 1n-

terest — whether in sport, or
the arts or whatever it is —
these things are far. stronger
and more natural than the
artificial barriers that separ-
ate us.”

The Helsinki Festival will
be held from July 28 to Aug.
6 in the northern capital and
will bring together some
15,000 young people from
over 100 countries—both east
and west. Aim of the world-

wide gathering, organized by

an international committee
with representatives from
many countries, is to promote
world peace through foster-
ing international youth
friendship and understanding.

A Canadian World Youth
Festival Committee was
established in Toronto last
December to organize a dele-
gation from Canada to the
festival. Since then a number
of local committees have been
set up, including one in Van-

couver, and over 100 young
Canadians have _ indicated
their intentions of attending
the youth get-together.

A message of support has
also been received from Miss
Suzanne Rivest of Montreal.

Miss Rivest was a judge of
the modern: dance competi:
tions at the seventh World
Youth Festival in Vienna in
the summer of 1959 and also
attended the sixth festival
held in Moscow in 1957.

June 5 PR PASC TRIBUNE—Page 9

ry