ni

Ss EDITOR
= PAT O‘DONAGHY

ES RC HD

were are te,
SIP SSata eee ee Tee wee e ee

PAGE A4, THE HERALD, Wednesday, January 12, 1977

Bea eet teeing:

ratetatete

on

ona

esece
etatat eh

return postage guaranteed

PUBLISHER
GORDON W. HAMILTON

NOTE OF COPYRIGHT

without the written permission of the Publisher.

5288 taltateteten
cascode re ciresetearetat

28,8
atte e

eee iiaaliadaiiiaiiaiiiai: |

the herald |
635-6357

es An Award Winning Weekly
: Published by Sterling Publishers Ltd.

as Published every Wednesday af 3212 Kalum St., Terrace, B.C. A membor of Varified Cir- -
eS culation. Authorized as second class mail, Registration number 1201. Postage paid in cash,

4 The Herald retains full, complete and sole copyright in any advertisement produced and-ar
_ editorial or photographic content published in the Herald. Reproduction is not permitted _

itegeteletetel

Test -*

Of the things we
think, say or do.

is it the TRUTH?

Is it fair to all
concerned?

Will it build GOOD .
WILL and BETTER
FRIENDSHIPS?
Wiil it be
| BENEFICIAL

to all concerned?

oAPEOSEDAALALS LOCOS UOMARH ELH Ce eleehela alate ale taeda Cola lealehet tal alat ate tae Salata
+

ADVERTISING
MANAGER —

RALPH KERMAN

cotpebecenetecetecsectce

sotatehatet,
aretele te

. ?,
Solerelet

RR RRR amar yt
atte attire!

Se

Period of transition

A statement by John F. Bulloch
President, on the Federation’s
Economic Forecast for 1977
The Canadian economy is in a period of transition from
being very over-heated in the 1973-75 period to a period of
more soundly based growth later this decade. Inflation
rates are now coming down and a further improvement is
likely in 1977. However, caution is in order as far as

' domestic sales prospects are concerned since consumer
’ spending, housing and business investment will be soft.

if

Beate Ree REESE EE EELS S det

x

é

PND peddle kw ate

eee eee ae BS

ae i he a a i

rer]

c

" rrerby spring as

tater

TERT ESE SERGE SLES vibe

t
t

t
-

SO a arr eo a

ges, 16% a
Fad cat at Se be he ee he Ba

Pa

The domestic economy is showing a number of signs of

- weakness. Consumer and business confidence is now at a -

low ebb and will probably deteriorate further in the next
few months. Business investment, industrial output, and
housing sales are soft. Employment opportunities and retail
sales are rising at a slower pace than earlier in the year.
The unemployment rate is high and will likely rise during
the winter months.

On a more positive note, interest rates are declining and
the Canadian dollar has weakened. Food prices have fallen
and inflation rates for most products have eased con-
siderably. The size of wage and salary settlements,
although still high, has been cut by-about one-third during
the past year. ;

During the first half of 1977, there will likely be continued

softness in retail sales, business investment and housing. In
addition, housing starts are likely to decline, thereby
creating new problems for an already depressed con-
struction industry. Interest rates will continue to drop and
the rate of inflation will show further. abatement.

Export prospects are good throughout 1977 for the forest
preducts, mining and automotive industries. However,
grain and livestock prices will likely remain low, and

nadian farmers can expect a modest decline in farm cash
incomes this year.

The federal and provincial governments should respond
to these sluggish business conditions by reducing personal
taxes this spring. There should also be some selective
reductions in sales taxes af the federal level. Incentives for
business investment will likely be introduced by some

rovincial governments. Tax reductions should be matched

y cuts in government spending.

In conclusion, the Canadian economy is forecast to rise by
10.5 percent in 1977, compared with about 14.5 percent in
1976. Real growth will be about 4 percent versus 4.75 percent
in 1976. Inflation, as measured by the Consumer Price In-
dex, will likely be about 6.5 percent. Our preliminary
forecast for 1978 is for real growth and inflation to both be in,
the 5 percent to 6 percent range.

How fast can youdie? si.

Here is the terrifying reconstruction of what happens
when a car, travelling at 55 miles an hour, crashes into a
solid immovable tree. . .

One-tenth of a second: The front bumper and chrome
“frosting” of the grill work collapse. Slivers of steel
penetrate the tree to a depth of 114 inches.

Two-tenths of second: The hood rises, rumples, smashes
into the windshield. Spinning rear wheels leave the ground.
The fenders come into contact with the tree, forcing the
rear parts over the front doors. The driver’s body continues
to move forward at the vehicle’s original speed (20 times
the normal force of gravity, his body weighs 3,200 pounds).
His legs, ramrod straight, snap at the knee joints.

Three-tenths ofa second: The driver's body is now off the
seat, torso upright, broken knees pressing against the dash-
board. The plastic and steel frame of the steering wheel
begins to bend under his terrible death grip. His head is now
near the sun visor, his chest above the steering column.

Four-tenths of a second: The car's front 24 inches have
been demolished, but therear end is still travelling at about

35.miles per hour. The driver’s body is still travelling 55

miles per hour. The half-ton motor block crunches into the

ee,

Five-tenths of a second: The driver's fear-frozen hands
bend the steering column into an almost vertical position.
The force of gravity impales him on the steering shaft.
Jagged steel punctures lungs and inter-costal arteries.
Blood spurts into his lungs.

Six-tenths of a second: The driver’s feet-are ripped from |

his tightly laced shoes. The brake pedal shears off at the
floor hoards. The chassis bends in the middle, shearin

. body bolts. The driver’s head smashes into the windshield. .

The rear of the car begins its downward fall, spinning
wheels digging into the ground.

Seven-tenths of a second: The entire writhing of the car is
forced out of shape. Hinges tear, doors spring open. In one
last convulsion,
against the cruel steel of the steering shaft. Blood leaps
from his mouth, shock has frozen his heart. He is now dead.

And it only took seven-tenths of a second.

1977 economic outlook —

1977 will be a so-so year for British Columbia according to
the Employers’ Council of British Columbia's 1977
Economic Outlook. The report states that B.C.’s economic
performance “will be equal to or marginally below that in
Canada as a whole.” For the nation, the Council foresees
real GNP growth of about 4.2 percent for 1977, ‘‘well below
the Economic Council's five percent trend line required for
all achievement of our economic potential

This anticipated slower national economic growth is a
direct result of the more moderate recoveries now
projected for Canada's main trading partners. ‘‘The pace of
the western world’s economic recovery is expected to
continue to moderate in 1977," except Japan, which should
be a pacesetter.

Nationally, the Council expects that the inflation rate will
be in the range of 6.5 percent to 8.5 percent; the federal
government's 6 percent target will not be reached.

There is “little likelihood” that the federal government
will voluntarily drop the anti-inflation program during 1977.
To date, the program's most significant effect has been in
reducing abnormally high wage increases. However, since
the rate of increase in the cost of living declined sub-
stantially in 1976, real wages, or purchasing power, im-
proved moderately. The program's direct influence on
prices is ‘much less clear’’, the Council states, as food
prices, primarily outside AIB control, declined in 1976.

The national outlook for corporate profits leaves “little

* room for optimism.” “Corporate profits before taxes were

the only component of net national income which declined
during the first three quarters of 1976.”

Low levels of consumer and business confidence continue
to cloud the provincial domestic outlook. “Confidence will
improve,”’ the Council says, “but with a lag, after a more
assured broadly based international recovery is evident.”

Although the psychological impact of the B.C. Social
Credit government continues to be very definitely a positive
economic factor, their actions early in 1976 in increasing
income taxes (personal and corporate), sales taxes, auto
insurance premiums, and other user fees, and particularly
the levels to which some of these were raised, eroded
consumer confidence and spending. The balance between
government spending and revenues grew severely distorted
under the previous government and corrections were
required, the Council states. ‘‘However, a strong case can
be made that had corrections been phased in more
gradually, consumer spending would have been at least a
moderately stimulative force during the past year.”

For the B.C. forest industry, 1977 should be a year of
“steady improvement in lumber sales, particularly in the
U.S. but also in Japan and the European Economic Com-
munity.” “Little or no growth is anticipated in the Canadian
pulp industry in early 977, and there is a possibility that
pulp production may be reduced during the irst half of the
year in B.C,"’ butsome improvement is anticipated later in
the year. Technological change, new production areas in
southern U.S. and Brazil and extensive government sub-
sidization of pulp inventories in Scandinavia during the
recent recession.are the ‘major factors acting to mitigate
the effects of increased demand for B.C. suppliers,” the
Outlook states. The earlier worldwide drop in the con-
sumption of paper has heen reflected in a slower recovery
in newsprint demand.

The provincial mining sector is In a transition phase
awaiting increases in world demand and prices to boost the

profitability of- existing operations and stimulate
development of potential sites.

Coal has provided the only bright spot during the past
several years with most of the mining industry's profits
being derived from coal production. In the last year coal
has displaced copper as the province’s most valuable

‘mineral. However, Japan's demand for B.C. coal has

declined and the overall export volume was 19 percent less
in the first nine months‘of 1976 than in the same period 1975.
The dollar value of those exports, though, remained con-
stant because of price increases. .

Profitability in the metal mining industry continues at
low levels with an estimated return on investment of below
three percent for both 1975 and 1976. Copper industry
spokesmen in the province say they cannot see even a

break-even point arriving in 1977. While the devaluation of .

the dollar and revision of provincial taxation policies have
helped, they are “not sufficient to return the industry to a
healthy condition,” the report states.

Department store sales in Vancouver increased only 4.4
percent during the first nine months of 1976 according to
Statistics Canada, compared witha national average of 13.8

rcent, All retail sales in Vancouver during that period
increased 11.6 percent, but when inflation is taken into
account, the real increase is only about.two percent. Local
department stores are anticipating sales will be better than
the rate of inflation in 1977; the first months will be slow as
auto insurance premiums fall due. Prices of imported goods
will rise, reflecting the dollar devaluation and clothing
import quotas.

The tourist industry is ‘‘not expected to show any sub-
stantial growth in 1977,” but will benefit somewhat by not
having to compete with the American Bicentennial and the
Olympic’ Games. Changes in U.S, tax laws concerning
convention expenses will impact negatively as will Van-
couver’s grawing reputation for high prices, not necessarily
warranted when compared to most other major Nort
American cities.

The fishing industry is anticipating a reasonably good
year in 1977, particularly for the Fraser River sockeye run.
A significant potential-market problem faces the industry
sales in the United Kingdom where, because of the pound
devaluation, the price of canned salmon has reached luxury
levels. However, the new 200 mile fishing limit will upset
traditional supply patterns for foreign fishing nations and,
says the Qutleok, west coast fishermen should reap sub-
stantial benefits from these changes particularly by in-
creased sales to Japan.

1977 will be a “dynamite packed year” in industrial
relations. Over 300,000 union members will be itivoived in.
contracts which expire in 1977. Virtually every sector, with
the exception of truck transportation, will be negotiating.

Both Jabor and management will need to show a
reasonable degree of statesmanship coupled with realism in
1977, the Outlook states. A dependence on fact, rather than
appeals to emotion is essential, if we are to get through the’
year without further damage to our already bad reputation
as an area where the flow of goods to. our customers is much
too unreliable because of labor-management con-
frontations,

The Economic Outlook is prepared following extensive
discussions with the Employers’ Council board of gover-
hors, senior economists, financial officers and industrial
relations specialists.

{

e seat rams forward, pinning the driver .

- people to help

22 eMeAatnetenAARACAS AMM AS REE ACe benedict

Wise E TELE DET COTES.

letters to th

Dear Editor:

December 16 Premier
Bennett stated the rent
increase ceillng for 1977 will
remain at 10.6 percent. No
immediate plans for Cabinet
to reconsider the limit.

October 2 he had an-
nounced that a Cabinet
Committee had been
established to deal with rent
controls.

Apparently. Bennett and
his club of millionaires
disagrees with a Victoria
widow who wroté a letter to
the editor as follows: |

“I have had four rent
increases in five years. Itis
a very cruel position and
unjustified”, —

A75 year old widow ona

fixed income on the North

Shore wrote as follows:
“The 10.6 percent in-
crease is a real hardship.
One can battle with the high
cost of food by the simple

Rent control

means of just eating enough
to keep alive, but there is no
relief as far as rent is
concerned.” ;

Even that didn’t soften the
hearts of the full fledged
Cabinet Committee. There
is an answer — but how
many of our elderly citizens
can wait until next Election
Day?

. The next election Is
already underway. The

simple democratic process. -

December 10, 1975 elec-
tlon promise:

‘A Social Credit govern-
ment will be committed to
making B.C. the example to
all Canada in benefits to
Senior Citizens.”

Nothing more needs to be

said.
_ Mr. Editor, many thanks
for the opportunity to have
my say.
Sincerely; —
‘Otto Nordling

Good police work

The Editor: .

I would like to commend
the local detachment of the
RCMP for their quick
‘reaction and effective work
in recovering two 30-30 guns
stolen from the window of
my shop late last week.

The broken window was
noticedat about 3a.m, andI
was called to the scene.
Several police officers were
working and when I wis
there an additional officer
arrived with a German
Shepherd dog who picked up

Santa’

The Editor:

Many thanks for the
lovely donations to “Santa
for Grandparents”. They
were delivered safely to the

Mandatory

The Editor:
- Freedom to wear seat-
belts? Yes. Force people to
wear seatbelts? No!

Why? Thinking for the

opie (by enforcing, .not .
paste laws, but. needless
daily rules) would stifle
individual intelligetice and
promote mass slavery.
The - government ‘is
asserting that we, the
citizens of B.C., are in-
capable, or too ignorant, or
just too lazy to think con- -
structively. Therefore,
under the fantasy of helping
and protecting its little
children, Big Daddy has
roposed to think for us, to
orce us to wear seatbelts.
But let us not forget that
we are human beings! We
are rivileged and
responsible to discover and
express our inner potentials
by being creative and
original thinkers. Thus we
will be strong, self-reliant
individuals, capable of
directing our lives with
energy and intelligence.
Presently, however, our
hired government is faced
with directing people who
have been conditioned to
crave the easy life. Instead
of developing our minds to
understand how to live
correctly, how to earn

‘ happiness; we. live for

temporary pleasures,
preferring to joll in easy-
chairs with pill, joint, or
bottle, watching T.V.

If this rotting continues,
then what were once
capable, happy human
beings will be sick and in-
sane robotic zombies —
dead minds only capable of

routine labour — lifeless
slaves being manipulated by
profiteers,

How is change to come

-about. Do we become in-

dependent and strong by
being told what to do?
Certainly not. We must put
forth effort and change
ourselves.

Therefore, what is the
governments true
responsibility? It is to help
themselves,
not to play Big Daddy and
look after them. The
government is responsible
to remove nursemaid
policies, to stop mass
phynotism by profiteers,
and then to provide in-
centives, opportunities, and
right teaching of how to live
constructively. If people
refuse to exert themselves
and live intelligently, they
must then be free to learn
through suffering, free to
learn from their mistakes.

Educate people about.
seatbelts but let the decision

the scent and followed it
through the Keith Estate.

I am not aware just how
they managed it but within a
very short time the guns
were recovered.

I wish to make the general
public aware of the effective
police work that is being
done every day and night in

,our community. Far too

‘often these people are

forgotten except for un-
justified criticism.

Bert Goulet,

‘Northwest Sportsman

s elves

residents at Skeenaview by
Santa’s Elves.

Sincerely, |
Margie, Linda, Evelyn.

seat belts

be theirs. ;
You cry out ‘‘This way is

cruel. If people were forced

to wear seatbelts their lives

would have been saved.” : .
Let's, be logical... The ..
issuance of a drivers license ©

gives permit to guide a 4
wheeled missile amongst

’ throngs of pedestrians and

other drivers. Surely if the
driver can assume
responsibility for the lives of
thousands, then he can also
assume responsibility for
his own single life. Other-
wise, he should not be
permitted on the road, with
or without a seatbelt.

You assert ‘Force is very
needed, after all, how else
can we stop thieves and
murderers’’. But thieves
and murderers are punished
alter committing an offense,
after proving themselves
criminals. If a driver
decides that, for his par-'
ticular time and cir-
cumstanee, a seatbelt is'
unnecessary then who has
the right to pronounce him:
incompetent, to treat him as.
‘a criminal, to assume that.
he will have an accident?
Will Big Daddy next propose
‘to jail us all since we might
break a law?

You grumble “I won’t pay:
money into ICBC, B.C.:
Medieal and income tax {to
be squandered in
hospitalization and support.
for those who didn’t buckle
up.” Well, who has failed to
remedy causes of ac-
cidents? Who has allowed
liquor outlets to flourish and
the drinking age drop to 197
Who is allowing the con-
tinual bombardment of

liquor advertising, even to |

the point of subliminal
advertising? Who is stan-.
ding back while liquor,
profiteers condition young:
minds to believe that the
good life revolves around

unken insanity? Few of.
the young, once conditioned, °
have a real choice. Who is
responsible? You and me,’

fella. It is therefore just that |

we all give of ourselves and
our capital, to partake in
rebuil weak people to
strong thinkers, to allow
ople freedom to leatn
rom their mistakes, :
Let's pull our heads out-of
the sand and face realities.
Let us do something to rid
ourselves of these
deplorable conditions that
cause accidents, but not
force human beings to wear.
seatbelts.
D.M. Derensen
P.O. Box #52,
Westbank, B.C,
VOH 2A0
768-4604

:the grade. --:

‘receive from the ins

| broad
The Editor:

Re: Mr. Mould’s book and
Mr. Floyd Frank's in-
teresting letter to The
Editor under the date of
December 15, 1976. .

In the writer’s opinion,
Floyd is to be complimente
‘or his patience in working
aut, mathematically, the
qumber of individual
movements required by the
yld time Tie Hacks in the

roduction of the mooted
Sally forty hand hewn,
aight foot railway cross ties,

[helped my Dad hack ties
in the semi fire-killed
timber on the'south side of
the Grand Trunk Railway
right-of-way and directly
south of the site of the
present Kalum School. This
was during the late fall of
1910 and most of the winter
of 1911. ] was a young punk
of 16, with no experience in
woods work, so, as I now
remember it, about all 1 did
was to buck the ties to length
after my Dad did the falling,
scoring and hewing. The
daily production for the two .
of us was 25 to 30 ties. At ten
cents per tie the daily take
was $2.50 to $3.00.

Cutting ties for Mr.
George Little not only en-
tailed making the ties but
each hacker was required to
swamp a go-devil trail but
also to pile not less than
fifteen ties alongside this
trail. This was done so the
skinner could pull in beside
each pile and put on a full
go-devil load without

‘moving to another spot to

finish the fifteen tie load.
This fifteen tle load was

. PCC
rele rnnterrnrcnrret tat taht et REN BRITT PETES ae

€. editor

nae An editanaeonasenetartae ess

axes

Nels, the job of erecting his
store building - Cincidently,
this was the first frame
building in what is now
known as the City of

Terrace). The surveyors .

were on the job of plotting,
by early spring of 1911, the
two main streets, Kalum
and Lakelse, were
established as the main
thoroughfares and also the
ten foot lane dividing the
north boundary of the GTP
and the then south boundary
of the townsite. The. store
building was located on the
west side of Kalum Street
and cornered .on the. lane.

When George offered, Dad
the carpenter job, the kid
would be out of work and I
judge through kindness
(coupled with an eye to
business} he said I. could
work for him in the com-
missary and later on in the
store. Needless to say, I was
more than pleased, and
right here, am constrained
to say in all sincerity, that
this was the beginning of a
Jong-lasting and mutual
acquaintance. .

With apology to the reader
for wandering, and now
getting back to Floyd's
article about the early Tie
Hacks. After getting the job
inthe commissary I got a lot
of information about the
daily production of the in-
dividuals. Moorhouse and
another young man named
Rockwell were the two
topnotch producers and
these two carried on a
friendly rivalry as to which
could out-preduce the other.
George, our boss, verified

snaked to the landing. If, a8,. the fact, month in and

in our case, the tie timber

-was within a quarter of a

mile to the right-of-way the
skinner with the go-devil
landed and piled the ties at
right angles and not closer
than six to eight feet to the
nearest rail, or at least
within 12 feet to the center of
In the majority of cases -
the tie timber would
further than the quarter
mile from the railway and
the go-devil skinner would
haul to a sleigh landing
where the ties were loade
on sleighs, fifty to sixty to
the load and taken to a
siding location or in many
instances piled alongside
the railroad grade, It would
be, with the ties delivered at
the grade or siding that they
were inspected and counted
by the railway tie inspector.
It should be noted here that
our boss, Mr. Little, would
ctor
an inspection certificate
detailing the tctal number of
ties inspected also stating
the number of number one
ties and the number of
number twos | and
threes together with a
“token” of culls. It could be
noted here that there was a
spread of price between the
ones, twos and threes, The
culls were CULLS period. It
is noted that the tie hackers
got a base price of ten cents
per tie irrespective of size,
also the contractor had a
“gentlemen’s agreement”

‘ with the inspector whereby

there were very few number
threes and owing to Mr,
Little’s instructions. to his
woods teamsters (skinners)
that they leave all culls in
the woods as they entailed a
dead loss if hauled to
trackside. :

George’s tie camp of log
construction was located on
asmall stream (now Greig
Avenue) and in the area now
occupied by the western
extremity of the Terrace Co-
op. The camp consisted of a
Tar ge cookhouse,
bunkhouse, a large barn and .
feed shed and a fairly good-
sized log combination office
and commissary. Oh, yes,
not to be overlooked — the .
pig pen. The business of

eeping hogs was a
throwback of his early
training on the Ontario farm
and in the Ontario woods
camps. In the writer's
considered opinion, Mr.
Little’s belief in the old time
philosophy of “caring for
the small items’’ was
responsible to a great extent
for his success in the
business world,

By 1911 the clearing of Mr.
Little’s townsite was
proceeding apace and that
Spring he offered two of his

e- hacks, My Dad and .

another, whose name was

month out, each of these two
averaged sixty ties daily.

This likely is ‘an ap-
propriate place to state that
the cross tie of the hectic
construction days was a far
cry from ties of later years.
In the camp it was a stan-
dard joke that most
anything eight feet long with
enough ‘flatted sides that it
wouldn't roll was atie. Be
that as it may, any man who
could fall, hew, buck and
pile his sixty daily average,
was in my book, a -super-
man. Also at ten cents per
tie, six bucks a day was a
fabulous sum in the days
when the average worker
was paid $2.50 to $3 for a ten
hour day. As a matter of
interest Mr. Littie wouldn't
keep a tie hack, unless his
average was a minimum of
25 ties daily. His earnings of
$2.50 allowed him $1.50 clear
after ‘deducting $1 for his
board at the cook camp.
Right here is a time to say
tuat Mr. Little always in-
sisted on having good food in
abundance served in his
cook house. Moorhouse,
mentioned earlier, was
known to devour six pork
chops at one sitting together
with vegetables,. ple and
canned fruit.

Moorhouse was a very
profane individual’ and
seemed to delight in
exhibiting his efficiency in
this respect. The other top
man, Rockwell, was a big
husky young man, quiet,
well mannered. J never
heard him utter a profane or
obscene word. He leit early
in 1912 saying he was going
to Prince George and invest
his stake in real ‘estate
which was booming at that
time.

I never heard from him
‘again until 1916, ‘I’ was
working in a small mining
town, Nederland, Colorado,
and was entering the Post
Office amid the’ usual
evening crowd. As I passed

_ this. man, 1. turned for a
second look and he had done
the same. As soon as he
smiled i recognized him as
Rockwell. mot

In our conversation he
said the Prince George
boom had fallen flat'and he
had lost all his money. He
drifted south and had been
working in the mines. .He
had another small stake and
was just then preparing for
a trip to Alaska.

In the annals of history,
the hewn tie has -been
replaced by the sawn
variety, although the writer
just recently. has noticed
some hewn ties along

Cariboo section of the

oat Le

Thanks to The Editor.
Sincerely, yn
C.L.M. Giggey.

'

“nv
1
L