Pie ACG ie MR ao

Outdoors

NATURE KNOWS BEST when
managing a forest said
retired forester Edo Nyland.

by Valorie Lennox
The Review

important source of new nutrients
is the decaying forest debris.
Raking up the forest debris, to
create a tidier forest, can starve the »
remaining trees, Nyland said.
“They have nothing to live on
anymore.”

survives.

Interfering with this ecosystem,
Nyland said, destroys the biologi-
cal diversity by which the forest

Clear-cutting also destroys the
biological diversity, even if the
area 1s replanted with seedlings.

TheReview —

Said.

noted a large tree in

‘We Knew nothing. We still know
nothing but we’re learning’

the trunk.

When the government built a
road in John Dean Park, Nyland

being damaged by the path of the
road. To protect the tree, he began
to build a barrier of rocks around

The road crew saw what he was
doing, helped finish the barrier

and saved the tree.

The preservation of the south tip
of Moresby Island as a natural
park is a welcome move. More old
growth forests must also be pre-
served, Nyland said.

“We are destroying our forests
at an incredible rate. We are
destroying creation, our covenant
with the creator,” Nyland said.

danger of

Wednesday, February 14,1990 — A20

.

The greatest danger to forests
might be professional foresters,
Says retired forester Edo Nyland.

~ Our forestry has been tragic,”
he said Wednesday in a presenta-
tion at the Sidney Library.

“We knew nothing. We still
know nothing but we’re learning.”

Nature knows best how to man-
age forests. The deadfalls, fungi,
insects and rodents of a forest all
play a role, said the North Saanich
resident.

To illustrate, he described one of
his own forestry projects. To pro-
tect the trees, he cleared the area of
rodents, only to find the forest
failing.

He had not realized the rodents
spread the spores of the fungus,
which are an integral part of the
forest. Fungus brings water and
hutrients to the trees and the tree
retums nutrients to the fungus, he
said.

“The fungal system is the life-
support system of all the trees.”

West coast rain forest is
designed to survive a climate
which may have five months of
near-drought and seven months of

tain, Nyland said.

“We have an ecosystem which is
beautifully adapted to our tough
conditions.”

That ecosystem developed after
the retreat of the last ice age
18,000 years ago, Nyland said.
Pockets of unglaciated land, such
as the sea beds revealed by the 30
to 40 metre drop in ocean level,
provided refuge for plants and
animals during the ice age.

Although not every species sur-
vived glaciation, aggressive spe-
cies like the Douglas Fir were
soon established in the reforested
areas. To cope with the wet and
dry cycles of the west coast cli-
mate, the tree developed a large
stem which retains water.

“This becomes a water bottle

for tough times.”

Smaller root-grafted trees draw
water from the large Douglas Fir
during drought. Nyland said a
single tree may contain 6,000 to
7,000 gallons of water.

Fallen logs retain water for
fungi. The fungi, growing up the
tree, help provide nutrients and
water for the upper branches of the
Douglas fir.

The giant first-growth trees may
not be beautiful but are resilient.
Nyland fears the tendency among
forest Managers to select straight,
attractive trees as the basis for
plantation-bred stock may produce
prettier but weaker forests.

~ There are very few trees in an
old growth forest which stand up
Straight,”” Nyland said.

Since the soil surrounding the
old-growth trees is usually drained
of nutrients, the trees have adapted
tO Survive on very little. An

The trunks of fallen trees pro-
vide a haven for reptiles and
insects, especially in the gap
between the bark and the tree.
Some of the predatory insects are
important to the Douglas fir, as the
insects devour pests that would
otherwise damage the tree.

“Tn our greed we are destroying
the most fantastic temperate forest

in the world.” aa)
irl
The Haida people apologized to | * |/.

a tree before cutting and using the
wood. Similar respect for the tree
is needed in our culture, Nyland

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