KHRUSHCHEV TELLS PARLEY

‘Action of

people

(lecisive for peace’

This is the final article

on the World Congress for

Disarmament and Peace held in Moscow recently. It is
written by B.C. Peace Council delegates Elsie Dean and
Jeannette Rankin, and was released to the public press
as one of a series of report-back articles.

The sessions of the World
Congress for General Disarm-
oment and Peace were draw-
ing to a close.

Premier N. S. Khrushchev,
of the Soviet Union gave a
long address, and thanked the
Congress delegates for. pick-
ing his country as “The place
for history’s most representa-
tive Congress of spokesmen
for the forces of Peace.”

In his address, Khrushchev
made a special oppeal to the
United States. “Our Govern-
ment has instructed me to
declare from this rostrum,”
he said, “that the Soviet
people want to live in peace
and friendship with the in-
dustrious and gifted people
of America. The Soviet and
American peoples have no
reason to be hostile to each
other, peace and friendship
are in their common inter-
Osh Si

He added; “I should like to
stress once more that the
masses and their actions are
the decisive force in the bat-
tle fer disarmament... the
greater the army of peace-
fighters, the more active it is,
the quicker general and com-
plete disarmament will be
accomplished.”

During the past week dele-
gates and observers had pre-
sented every point of view.
Arguments were given in the
hard language of fact; while
others called for love and
trust.

BROAD APPEAL

The Congress organizers
went all-out to appeal to the
broadest 200 of views of

the delegates. This was most
clearly expressed in the final
resolution adopted in the
form of a ‘Message to the
Peoples of the World.”

The Presiding Chairman
of the final session of the
Congress was Dr. Brock Chis-
holm of British Columbia,
and with 2,195 delegates and
observers seated in the presi-
dium, the Appeal to the
Peopies of the World was
voted on by: 2,186 for and 2
against — and 7 abstensions.

The message says: ‘‘For the
first time in history disarma-
ment has become a practical
task facing each and every
one of us .. . Disarmament
would release resources that
could be applied to raise the
standard of living in all
countries. *

‘Disarmament would save
funds that could be applied
to increase the rate of devel-
opment of countries so far
economically under - devel-
oped.

“Disarmament would _in-
volve the disappearance of
all foreign and military bases
and the. withdrawal of all
foreign troops, thus aiding
the peoples struggling for
national independence.

“Disarmament must be
general, complete and under
strict international control.
There can be no disarmament
without control; no control
without disarmament.”

_The message also said: “We
are firmly opposed to all

* testing of nuclear bombs and

similar devices, firstly be-
cause of their threat to the

Part of the 54-member delegation to the
World Congress for Disarmament and Peace
is shown above during one of -the plenary
sessions. Right centre is Dr. Brock Chis-

life and health of this and
future generations, and sec-
ondly because they increase
the tempo of the arms race.
END ALL TESTS

“We earnestly appeal to
the governments of all the
nuclear powers. We call on
them to reach, without delay,
agreement on renunciation of
all tests everywhere—in the
atmosphere, in outer space,
underground and under
water.” :

The Congress faced the
problem of attempting to
draw up an Appeal to at-
tract the broadest possible
support.

These problems were re:
solved by addressing the mes-
sage to Concern for Human-
ity, rather than to the re-
spective merits of one pro-
posal or another.

The work of the Congress
did not end with the closing
session. :

A Committee was set up
under Professor J. D. Bernal
of Great Britain, to collate,
analyze and distribute the
many proposals for action to
implement the general aims
of the Congress.

holm, former head of the World | Health
Organization, who was presiding chairma®
of the final session and spoke for Can
in the plenary session. -

ada

AT PUGWASH CONFERENCE

gestion.

Pugwash conference.

plete disarmament.

Propose little boxes
for stopping H-tests

system of “little black boxes’? has been agreed upon by |

the Soviet and United States scientists who atte? ee
the Pugwash conference in London last week, as eff
for detecting nuclear tests and avoiding the controves!
site inspection, it was disclosed as the conference ended-

The system, which was one of two important
ments toward disarmament which emerged from th
ference, was described by Academician I. E. Tamm 0
Soviet Union. He was one of the seven Russian, U.S.
other scientists who signed a joint endorsement of the

Academician Tamm described the system as ?
automatic sealed s2ismic stations which would be pu
places in agreed numbers by the host nation afte
sealed by an international control commission.

These would not, he said, endanger the security of any
country and would almost certainly detect any tests whic"
took place “‘without anyone entering the soil of a country:

The suggestions was agreed .to by the chief U.S §
logist at the Geneva disarmament talks, who visited

The scientists who came . trom 35 countries and W. oint |
deliberations have been held in secret, issued a final j
statement on which they agréed to urge general an

‘ective b
ial 08

develo”
e con

and
sug-
ne of
4 i
r peiné

eismo”

whose

d com

VOLKSWAGEN - STORY OF A DEAL WHICH TOOK —
‘PEOPLE’ OUT OF ‘PEOPLES’ CAPITALISM’

Following are excerpts from _

an article in the New Zealand
Tramways Journal, March
1962. This is the offizial organ
of the New Zealand Tram-
ways and Public Passenger
Transport Authoriiies Em-
ployees’ Industrial Union of
Workers.

*. * *

HE Volkswagen isa highty
3 eas: car. It has an
enormous sale in West Ger-
many, where it is made, but
even more are sold to other
countries. . . . This single car
represents over 40 per cent of
West Germany’s entire auto
mobile output ... with over
500 million marks invested, it
is one of the most prosperous
concerns in the whole of the
Federal German Republic.

But there was one snag.
The whole outfit was publicly
owned. No tycoons or big
banks or monopolists could
get their fingers into this
juicy pie.

What a waste! was the
thought in the mind of every
right-thinking supporter of
production for profit.

It was more than a waste——
it was a positive danger. If a.
publicly - owned  enterpriss

could be so highly successful,
what was to prevent people
demanding that other enter-
prises should he nationalized
and made to yield benefits for
the public instead of unearned
income and big capital gains
for a handful of rich men?

The thing could not be al:
lowed to go on like that.
Something must be done. But
what?

Simply to give it, or even
cell it, to the big monopolies
was too dangerous. It would
have created such a stink that
old Adenauer might not have
been able to maintain the
rule of the big trusts at all.

But the wily chancellor and
his clever advisers found a
way. They would turn Volks-
wagen into a shining example
of ‘“‘people’s capitalism.”

Shares would be issued at

bargain prices to small men
only. They issued 100-mark
shares for sale (at 350 shares
a time) to people with a max-
imum income of 16,000 marks
in the case of married per:
sons and 8,000 marks in.the
case of single persons.

These maximums brought
in all sorts of professional and
small business people who
might have money available
to buy a few shares.

These people are the ones
on whom Adenauer’s Chris-
tian-Democratic Union main
ly relies for its electoral sup-
port.

His party was able by this
scheme to claim that they
were “dispersing” the Volks-
wagen ownership widely.

The shares to be sold in this
way were to be 60 percent of
the total—20 percent was to

be retained by the central

government and 20 percent.

given to the provincial gov-
ernment of Lower Saxony,
where the plants are situated.

So, in March, the shares
were duly issued and sold to
perhaps a. million people,
mainly the lower middle
class.

People’s Capitalism? Well,
not exactly.

You seé, there was nothing
to stop the successful pur-
chasers of shares from sell-
ing them to anyone who
would pay a high price for
them.

After the terrific rush to
buy the shares at the 5,000
bank offices open for the pur-
pose, the speculation on the
stock exchanges started.

Prices went up and up as
the big monopolists came in:
to the market deterrni: 2d to
clean.up every possibie share.

By June the price had risen
to 1,100 marks per 100-mark
share (or more than three
times what the original sub-
scriber had paid).

Some American investment
companies went into the mar-
ket with the avowed inten:
tion of picking up a million
marks worth of shares.

‘from public ownership

oe 14, 1962—P ACIFIC TRIBUNE

jell
By now very few ae ef

in the hands of the small ? not
(who could, in any case ef
have included many W° mat!
or peasants, since 2 100- age ese
share costs a month’s wa out

They have been sol made

and the small men have
profit:

aE
tion, to transfer voll

business, has been cOM*.
Volkswagen is now, ‘

tents and purposes, * ma?
clutches of West Germa?
opoly capitalism. ue

The price paid bY ‘
coons was just a few
ings to sweeten their
class fodder.

The monopolies have
bargain—a superb ¢? 0)
built up by thousal the
working people who ee ae
same share as work poy
ways get of the a the
create for capitalis™ |
wages to keep them al c
healthy enough to 8° i) oe
ing profit for the oW it

The Bonn governme fo!
Said to be looking ar™. po
other state enterpr}®
can be passed ovel
ownership and co?
West German big busi