Thirty million of 67

inhabitants live in

Brazil's million wretched hovels like Rio de Janerio also has 127

the one shown. “shanty towns”,

containing more than

600,000 people.

it of anciier Cuba.

haunting State Dept.

NO, sPectre haunts the of- Deparine’® Of the U.S. State F than €nt these days more 7 Million of the 200. hungry a of Latin America. { Under nearly 150 years now. the © Monroe Doctrine, | eq ee + has largely succeed- Peoples feping the various Latin: of the 18 states of on Aaa in permanent lection " and political sub- But "4 Washington. Oday, the whole of

‘this fg ae 1S in revolutionary Mle . 2d, with the ex.

le them, * gallant Cuba before America © peoples of Latin Ona} jp °, Cemanding na.

i : : Onge heration with an ever at Voice,

in the : “Alliance for O eye, Which promises to ea) :

La *ything for the peoples

“tin ; Off their Parca except get

* * of picture does tte, Stes ‘Continent present Yatkes Te than a century of J 209 mi); oitation? Of the | ld i ton inhabitants, over ‘on live in a state of na — the same num-

‘Tom malnutrition, ile the vltion are illiterate

. Boe number suf- 8] "rious chronic but yeetwe Seal diseases.

in, 1950 and 1955 the

ig sor

Wh

f lion, aon ctt ia Sat too ‘ts in Latin America, fF ailue = away profits to the pliers, Whee. 3,500 million A Pus hile in 1959 alone, olla, invested 200 mil- s, but Made a pro- Million dollars, of Million were re-

neck to the US. othe Communist

d some 2,000 mil-.

Deputy Bernardo Araya told Chile’s Parliament how U.S. companies were grabbing copper mines which had been discoverd by the govern- ment’s own Institute of Geo- logical Research.

As to the social effects of . U.S. domination, Time maga- zine recently estimated that over 40 million of Latin Am- erica’s 200 million people are urban slum dwellers.

“In almost none of the slums,” says the ‘article, “are there such simple amenities as running water, electric light or garbage collection. A fortnight ago in Bogota, rats attacked a nine-month old baby girl left alone on a pallet and nibbled her to death.”

* * * 3

Santiago, Chile, had 32,- 000 slum dwellers some ten years ago, and today has 200,000; in Lima, Peru, the slums have grown from a handful of shacks to a shanty town of 400,000; the shack towns around Caracas, Vene- -zuela, hold 250,000 people; while of the total population of 4,900,000 in Mexico City, 1,500,000 exist in what Mexi- cans call “the belt of misery” round the city.

Of course this stampede to the slums has not been from choice. The peasant in the Latin. American countries faces the fact that 50% of the arable land is in the hands of only 14%% of the owners, while the peasants toil like serfs on the big estates for

‘less than $60 a year.

Nowhere in Latin America are the causes of the abject poverty of the people and the consequences of US. domination so apparent as in: Mexico, on the very borders of the U.S. ane

The Mexican weekly Siem- pre recently published some information on the extent of this domination.

It revealed that four U.S. monopoly groups control the most important sectors of Mexican economy and exert: immeasurable influence on Mexico’s political as well as her economic life.

Of the four groups, the most important is the Mor- gan group, which has invest- ments in 31 Mexican enter- prises totalling 5,272 million pesos (about half a_ billion. U.S. dollars), including the American Smelting Co., the Euzkadi Tire and Rubber Co., General Electric, Proctor and Gamble, American Cyanamid and others.

Next comes the Du Pont group with investments in 17 enterprises totalling 2,700 pesos; the third group. is the First National City Bank of New York, 2,323 million, pesos; the fourth is the Rockefeller group, with in- vestments of 2,000 million pesos. ;

(The Communist Party some time ago drew atten- tion to the fact that U.S. in- vestment in Canada is now greater than in all Latin Am- erica countries combined.)

* e s The history of modern Mexico is the history of a

‘revolution betrayed, for the

1910 Revolution and the 1917 Constitution which embodied the principles for which it was fought, brought hope and real progress too in the shape of agrarian reform, labor rights, education to Mexico’s

masses.

Under President Cardenas from 1934 to 1940 there was a strong revival of the Re- volution which since then, under U.S. pressure has been halted and turned back.

The bourgoisie are worried over whether ‘‘Mexico will go Castro,” and well vhey might be.

SAM RPUSSELL, ~ —BR. DAILY WORKER

| ~ ADING

y of

@ Cc ou aT Is

tg. of Volume 1 of the as Which cov-

th qd 1492-1845 and

Eo iitic €conomic, social 1808 developments

do, oe € shows Cuba’s “Chee American in-

; ay, ang Wars through (| ay © heroic anti-

xe

Stry o a Re sles that ended

+

New features

booked

Two Polish feature films, “Mother Joan of the Angels” -and ‘Eroica’, and one fea- ture from Japan “Otohto”, have been added to the schedule of the Vancouver International Film Festival, July 11 to 24.

Although one concerns life in a 17th Century nunnery

and the other a prisoner of

war camp during the second world war, both Polish films

delve into a _ similar basic problem — the turmoil which goes on in_ people’s

minds when they are con- stricted behind bars. Both films were photographed by Jerzy Wojcik.

“Mother Joan of the Angels” is set in a Polish convent in which a_ local

priest has been burned at the stake for tempting the nuns; the nuns are left seemingly possessed by devils. A young priest arrives to exorcise the bad spirits, but a mutual physical attraction between him and the Mother Superior worsens instead of improves the situation. In an effort to

for V.I.F.

draw the devils away from the Mother Superior and into

himself, the priest commits two murders. “Eroica”’ consists of two

stories about the Polish re- sistance movement. The first half of the film concerns a freedom fighter who works behind the German lines, while being sabotaged on his home front by his wife’s in- fidelity with the enemy.

The second is a semi-ironi- cal look at heroics in a Ger- man prison camp, where cap- tured resistance workers re- vere the memory of the one man they believe has escaped but who,

in fact, has re- mained hidden in the camp to preserve the prisoners’

morale.

“Otohto” (Little Brother’) concerns the close .elation- ship between a teenage brother and sister caused by negligent parents. The sister, Gen, tries to protect her 14- year old brother from his semi- criminal instincts and fiercely defends him against the rest of the world. Only when he is dying does he begin to understand her, him- self and life.

Continents brought closer together

nly atomic ships’ can O open the Arctic to year- reund navigation, said Ars- eny Stepanovich, chief con- structor of the ‘Lenin ice- breaker.

“They are healthy, too, he assured his listeners. ‘If

”

you want a cure, come for a cruise with us!” And certainly the Lenin is

SCIENCE

the cleanest, best ventilated, most comfortable workaday ship I have ever been aboard.

The three nuclear reactors —their rods sticking up like birthday candles—take only a fraction of space in the 16,000-ton ship.

In spoptless white overalls with dosometers clipped to our pockets we watched from a high gallery the Lenin’s hot, silent heart. -Here, as throughout the ship—even in the heat exchanger and turbo-generators rooms—the uir was pure and fresh.

Precautions against radio- active pollution make clean air obligatory. The ship has a comprehensive automatic signalling system to achieve this.

Space saving with atomic

units, which dispense with coal bunkers and fuel tanks, give the crew headroom and legroom. They have a club- room, library and gymnas- ium on board.

Their quarters are spa- cicus two-berth cabins with desk and divan and pannell- ed walls rivalling for com- fort the most modern hotel.

One quarter: of the 230 crew members are university graduates and almost all the crew are taking higher quali- fication courses.

Food for the men on their five-month voyage is excel- lent.

Chief constructor Stepano- vich said he had no doubt the Soviet Union would build a fleet of atomic ice- breakers. This would open the North Siberian route to the Far East, cutting the journey from Britain to Japan by 6,250 miles.

“Atomic power is not only economic but necessary for ice breakers,’ declared Ste- panovich, a former stoker from Leningrad, who at 26 is the leading Soviet expert on these ships. And he added, with obvious pride, ‘“‘the en- tire ship is Soviet-built.”

PETER TEMPEST

—BR. DAILY WORKER

‘Travellers’

ne of Canada’s best- known folk song groups, The Travellers, will be leav- ing at the beginning of July for a five week tour of the

Soviet Union. Prior to their departure, the group will sing at Canada Day celebra- tions in Ottawa.

Formed in 1954, The Trav- elers have done much to promote folk singing as an important part of Canadian

June 28, 1962—PACIFIC TRIBUNE—Page 9

to travel

culture, and their trip over- seas should add an interna- tional note to their endeav- ors. They have already toured Canada and are known to thousands of Canadians through their several record- ings and many TV appear- ARCES. =

The Travellers consist of three men and a girl—Sim- one Johnston, Sid Dolgoy, Jerry Gray and Ray Wood- ley, with the latter having taken. the place of Jerry Goodis, who was one of the original four.