Page 4, The Herald, Friday, December 7, 1979

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EDITORIAL

Of course you're a good driver. Twenty years behind the wheel and not an accident, except a little fender bender and that was the other guy’s fault.

Ask those you live and work with if they are good drivers — the answers will probably be a resounding yes. The British Columbia Automobile Association has prepared a little quiz on driving and vehicle regulations so you can test your driving knowledge. Alertness, attitude and ability? That’s between you and your driving record.

See how well you do:

1) A flashing red light at an intersection means:

a) come to a complete stop and proceed when safe

b) slow down approaching the intersection and stop if necessary

c) continue through the intersection but be prepared to stop

2) If you accidently hit a parked car you should write

down the licence number of the car you hit and report

it to the police or RCMP. True or False? .

3) The stopping distance of a normal car driven at 80

kmp is:

a) 9% meters, (32 feet) b) 21 meters (70 feet) c) 61 meters (201 feet)

4) It is illegal to drive with working spotlamps on the

car.

True or False?

5) You may remove pollution equipment from a car

engine to improve performance and gas mileage even

if such equipment is integral. True or False?

6) Rush hour left hand turn restrictions are in effect

seven days a week unless otherwise noted in most

municipalities. True or False?’ : ,

7) If you are involved; in an auto accident with

resulting vehicle damage over $200 or where someone

is injured, how long do you have toreport the accident to the police or RCMP "

8) It is legal to carry passengers:

a) In a camper securely attached to a pick-up truck b) in a trailer being towed

c) both

d) neither

9) It is OK to tow children on sleds or roilerskates

behind a vehicle provided you tow at a speed less than

20 kph on a deserted street.

True or False?

10) At what times must you drive with headlights on? a) one hour before sunset to one hour before sunrise b) one half hour before sunset to one half hour before

sunrise c) from sunset to sunrise

11) Safety triangles must be carried in vans converted

for sleeping. True or False?

12) It is legal to mount a working television on the

dashboard of a car provided the driver doesn’t watch

it while driving. True or False?

13) It is ‘acceptable to use fog lamps instead of

headlights during foggy weather. True or False?

14) If the driver of the car behind you signals the:in-

tention to pass is it illegal to Increase your speed? True or False?

15) What must you do if you hear a siren from an

emergency vehicle — fire engine, police car, am-

bulance?

16) When a police officer or constable declares a car

unsafe for highway operation you have ten days grace

to have it repaired. True or False?

ANSWERS:

Na

2) False. You must try to locate the driver or owner of

the other car and leave your name, address, telephone

number and licence number in a conspicuous place on the damaged vehicle.

3c

4) Two spot lamps and two fog lamps are permitted,

but the vehicle must also be equipped with working

headlights.

5) False. It is Mllegal to alter a vehicle in any way so it

no longer conforms with Motor Vehicle regulations.

That includes removal of pollution control devices.

6) False. Rush hour turn restrictions are in effect only

from Monday to Friday unless otherwise noted. This

regulation may vary in different communitles.

7) You must report injury or damage in excess of $200

to city police within 24 hours. injuries must be

reported to the RCMP in rural areas within 24 hours, damage over $200 within 48 hours.

B) a

9) False. It is ilegal to tow anybody on anything

(skates, skateboards, sleds, etc.) with your car.

10)

11) True

12) False. Televisions may only beinstalled behind the front seats and must not be visible from the driver's seal.

13} True

14) True

15) You must pull close to ihe right hand curb clear of

any intersection and remain stopped until the

emergency vehicle has passed.

16) False. It is an offense to operate the vehicle on a

roadway until the defect has been repaired.

CONNECTIONS

PART XI

Technology and change

Alen

A hh dd

This is the eleventh of a weekly, fifteen-part general interest, non credit, educational series on technology and change, called Connections, offered by the Open Learning Institute.

Each week, an article will appear in this paper. On Sunday, at 8:00-p.m., on Channel 9 (Cable TV), you can

watch the weekly PBS television series, Connections, .

part of this multi-media continuing ‘education program. As well, you can purchase 4 Viewer’s Guide from the Open Learning Institute (see coupon at the end of this article).

In this article, physicist Herbert F. York and historian G. Allen Greb, both of the University of California, San Diego, examine the relationship among war, technology and public policy.

By HERBERT F. YORK and G. ALLEN GREB

For more than three decades now, we have lived under the threat of a nuclear holocaust. But the relationship between national security and technology did not emerge with the nuclear age.

From the time that one group of prehistoric men first used clubs and spears to force their will on another group, war and technology have been closely interrelated.

And throughout history, political and military leaders on the one hand have used science and technology to further their ends, and scientists and engineers on the other have exploited the special in- terests of the statetoadvancetheirowngesls. ‘

In recent years, and throughout the world, such

interaction between scientists and policymakers has greatly increased. Traditionally, this partnership has employed technology to produce ever deadlier weapons. Butteday, advanced technology can also provide the means for arms control.

The continuing partnership between government and science seems assured; how that partnership will be used is less certain.

ESCALATION

From earliest times until the present, new offensive technologies have always been countered by defensive developments or more powerful offensive systems. Thus, technology has produced a steady progression of more efficient instruments of death and destruc- tion: swords, longbows, firearms, aircraft, atomic bombs, missiles.

During World War II, for example, the Germans launched a successful blitzkrieg against most of the nations of central and western Europe. They came close to overrunning Britain and Russia as well by exploiting the latest technological developments in alrcraft, tanks, and related equipment.

In the West, the British stopped the Nazl advance by making full use of another new technoloty, radar.

German technology, in the form of modern sub- marines and torpedoes, almost cut off American supplies from Europe. American technology, in the form of antisubmarine warfare and intelligence techniques, reversed that process.

And, perhaps most dramatic and politically por- tentous of all, World War I] ended with the nuclear attacks on Hiroshima and Nagasaki.

NEW ROLE FOR SCIENTISTS

During that conflagration, moreover, scientists and engineers did not simply respond to requests from military authorities. Rather, they became full par- ticipants in the planning process. They not only in- vented and built weapons, but they shared In making the decisions about which ones were needed, and even how they should be used,

Special new institutions, both inside and outside the government, had to be created to make this in- teraction work effectively. Such institutions have continued to evolve and proliferate since then.

Current versions include’ so-called “think tanks,” such as RAND and other private research institutes; university operated institutions and permanent government committees composed of both academic and industrial scientists and engineers, which provide input on all matters from weapons development and deployment to arms control and disarmament.

WEAPONS DEVELOPMENT

The Cold War and the wars in Korea and Vietnam caused these new relationships to continue long after World War II. Whenever there seemed to be a lull in the process, an event like the Russian launching of Sputnik came along to reinforce this political and scientific collaboration.

One major result of this further interaction of science and technology with national security needs was the invention of the hydrogen bomb--in Its first version, 1,000 times as powerful as ils predecessor, the A-bomb--and the spread of both types of nuclear weapons to Russia, Britain, France, and China.

Another very significant result was-the further development of yockets, which had been invented a thousand years earlier in a simple form, Into huge and powerful devices capable of delivering nuclear

War: Hot and Cold

i

weapons to within a few hundred feet of any specified point on the globe in a half hour. -

The possession of some thousands of such weapons, in several different forms, by both the U.S.A. and the U.S.S.R. had defined the relationship of the two superpowers for the Jast two decades. It largely ex- plains, moreover, why these nations occupy the positions of world power and influence that they do.

POLICY OPTIONS —

Throughout the post-World War II period, scientists and engineers have continued to be full partners with authorities, participating at all levels of government a determining what should be done as well as how to

t.

Some of these participants have placed special emphsis on our exploiting the possibilities inherent in the Jatest scientific discoveries before some potential enemy does. Edward Teller, commonly known as the “father of the H-bomb,” and the late Wernher von Braun, a leading developer.of large rockets both in Germany before World War IE and in America af- terwards, are two well known examples from a large group of such people. ;

Each of these scientists testified many times before congressional committees; each served as advisers to other leaders; each served on many special com- mittees: and each made countless public appearances in support of his views.

Working in a similar fashion, others have promoted the use of modern ‘science“ for some military: ap- plications but have dpposed other applications ‘that they considered to be especially dangerous. In short, they became not only developers of arms, but ad- vocates of arms control. One prominent example is Robert Oppenheimer, who led in the development of the A-bomb but who opposed the development of the H-

mb. .

ARMS DEVELOPMENT AND ARMS CONTROL

Today, the interactions between scientists and government are continuing along two main lines: first, the development of more sophisticated weaponry and, second, the pursuit of political agreements to stop or at least moderate such developments.

Vietnam, the first war in which technological superiority did not work to the advantage of a state, demonstratec the need to control weapons so deadly that nations are literally afraid to use them.

The development of nuclear weapons and long range delivery systems continues: the recent advances in microprocessors and other computers are making these and other weapons much ‘smarter’ (and more devilish); and we are hearing talk that laser beams and other so-called death rays are somewhere around the comer.

In the case of arms control and disarmament, some treaties have been worked out placing modest limits on the development of some weapons and limiting the deployment and use of certain others. The Strategic Arms Limitation Talks (SALT) are now attempting to extend these treaties, but the outlook for significant new agreements is mixed.

Advanced technology plays a key role in arms control as well as in arms development. The principal means for determining whether the various parties are complying with existing arms control treaties involves the use of very sophisticated devices. Satellites, for example, moniter both missile deployment and missile development, and very modern seismic detectors coupled with the latest data processing techniques make it possible to observe nuclear explosions from great distances.

The ever increasing complexity of both weapons development and efforts to control these devices thus guarantees the continued partnership of government and science in the technological process. How this partnership will ultimately influence society as a whole remains perhaps the most perplexing problem facing mankind.

NEXT WEEK: Historian A. Hunter Dupree of Brown University examines the increasing role of the government in technological development.

ABOUT THE AUTHORS

HERBERT F. YORK is professor of physics and director of the Program in Science, Technology, and Public Affairs at the University of California, San Diego, where he also served as chancellor. In 1978 he became chief of the U.S. delegation to the Com- prehensive Test Ban Negotiations in Geneva. He is author of “Race to Oblivion” and “The Advisors: Oppenheimer, Teller and the Superbomb."

G. Allen Greb‘is research historian in the Program in Science, Technology and Public Affairs at the University of California, San Diego, where he earned his Ph.D. He is the author of an article on the Panama Canal and co-author, with Herbert F. York, of articles on strategic reconnaissance and on postwar military research and development.

EDITOR'S JOURNAL

BY GREG MIDDLETOM

i Tranian crisis in the news and on ewrvune’s mind, 1 would like to take you back to another age and another ruler who refused to accept

i ic immunity. ; Oe the Dark Ages in Eastern Europe a delightful fellow called Vlad The Impaler held court in what. we now know as Transylvania. He was called The Impaler, although not to his face, because he left his: enemies hanging around on oversized meat hooks. It is remarkable that he had any enemies after word got out about this peculiarity of his but Ne is said to have

in hundreds of people this way. ' on group of emmissaries from another leader of the day apparently approached Viad with some com- munication from their boss. They did not remove their. hats as it was not their custom to take off their head gear, much as it is against the custom of Sheiks to appear in public without a turbin.

Vlad was offended. :

While Vlad, who is considered by some to be the: model Mary Shelly used far Dracula, did not hold the, envoys hostage, he sent them home a little the worse, for wear. ys

Viad had their hats nailed to their heads.

But that was a long time ago.

Today we are a little more liberated than we were. even a generation ago and there are people working . hard to see that we are freed from even sexual stereotyping. on

The Canadian Radio and Telecommunication Commission, the one everyone refers to as the Canadian Radio and Television Commission or CRTC, is asking for submissions on the question of eliminating sex role stereotyping from the broadcast media. The group would like to focus on specific recommendations for guidelines.

I think probably the worst offenders are the car- toons. Possibly the worst of these are the old Popeye.: cartoons. While it is always difficult to argue whether - something is a stereotype or a real reflection of our society, the role models portrayed in the Flintstones. are also too cliche for words. The men spend their. lives trying to get out bowling and getting into trouble for it while their wives stay home and stitch and bitch. : That doesn’t really still exist, does it?

‘Another group working toward increasing human : rights in Canada is, of course, the Canadian Human” Rights Commission.

One of their iatest wins is a clarification of a case in which a bank employee had difficulty getting time off to observe religious holidays. Like many of the cases that come before such commissions, a settlement was reached rather than blame laid. That is a good part of * the good work that such government groups do. Both - parties come out with a little more understanding.

One of the groups working hard to give people a little understanding is the provincial motor vehicle branch. | They want you to understand, that drinking, and | dtiving does a lot of social as well as economic, damage. .

Figure out how many taxicabs you will have to take | if you are convicted of a drunk driving offence and are ° suspended for the now mandatory three months. Add to that figure the amount of 4 fine, and Judge Darral.. Collins here has vowed stiff fines for drinking drivers. .

. You can take taxis throughout the holiday season:

without even touching the figure you come up with,

Someone else who is concerned about social justice. is NDP MP Jim Fulton. He is also concerned about the. , impact of a large passenger ferry on the Queen Charlotte Islands, He paints out that there is still not . adequate freight service to the islands, yet the - province is diverting money intended for northern’. ferry and freight subsidies to southern routes.

Fulton says he has assurances from the Tories that ; they will be assessing the situation. Fulton is, . however, skeptical of the PC's tax credit for mortgage ‘- payments. He notes that renters don’t benefit, nor do those who have already paid for their home. He also offers the observation that the current high interest rates will eat up more money than the mortgage |

rebate scheme would give back. So those who might - have been induced to buy through the saving still. .

won't be able to. Only those who can already afford to

will buy and thus the building industry won’t benefit. .

The government money (read your tax dollars) will go © interest. »

to the banks as that increased

I wonder if the government shouldn’tbe alittle more | honest and call the scheme a way of subsidizing the -

banks for the business they are losing through higher interest rates,

One government program that has also been -

recently slammed by local labor is the move by the Unemployment Insurance people to get back over- payments and catch chéaters. The analysis by local labor honcho Paul Johnson is that the whole thing is .

the fault of the Clark Government. He feels that the |

government is wrong for cutting back on pogey. While you might agree with Johnson thet rd cut: -

backs are going to hurt those who honestly can’t find -

work and therefore need the assistance from the plan

they have paidin to, you can't defend the abusers. The ~

rules of the game are that you can get a certain

amount of assistance. If you work some days you get

less money out of the fund, you don’t pocket that money and the money you mnde on the side. If you do, you are not a beleagured working man beset upon by a cruel capitalistic society, you are a crook, just like the

white collar worker who cheats on his or her expense account, .

Speaking of expenses , one of the consistent expenses ©

most of us faceis the electricity bill. Those who oppose |“

damming for electrical power probably also are. against nuclear generation of electricity and wouldn't. want to see a coal burning plant next door either. For those who feel this way, take heart. B.C. Hydro Is

spending $200,000 on a wind energy project on Vane .

couver Island. The dustry-funded project will generate power to be fed

joint federal, provincial and in- ”

into the general power grid. The eventual use will be to - =

supplant diesel generating stations in remote areas

Where other electricity isn’t available as oil becomes - purpose. °

the Republic of Andorra ° They money was |

foo expensive to that

use _ for

And speaking of expenses spent $4.50 last year on the military,

used to buy blanks to fire on special occasions.